김보애 Bo-ae Kim

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Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effect of Petasites japonicus extract on the cytotoxicity and cytoprotective effects against cadmium for cosmetics use. We measured the protein expression of apoptosis regulatory factor (Bcl-2 and procaspase-3) after treatment of Petasites japonicus extract in the cadmium-induced keratinocyte. As a result, high cell viabilities above 98% were observed in the all treated concentrations except at 200 μg/mL of Petasites japonicus extract in keratinocytes with cadmium-induced damages. In keratinocytes with cadmium-induced damages, Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 protein expression increased in the experimental group treated with Petasites japonicus extract. Also HaCaT cells resulted in cleavage of PARP protein at 12 h post-cadmium exposure. Western blot analysis and relative density of the bands suggested that pretreatment of cells with Petasites japonicus extract inhibited cadmium-mediated cleavage of PARP. These results suggest that Petasites japonicus extract can be used as the cosmetic ingredients for cytoprotective effect.

Key Words

Petasites japonicus, cell protection, keratinocyte, cadmium

백민영 Minyoung Baik , 김준형 Jun Hyeong Kim , 이대우 Dae Woo Lee , 황재성 Jae Sung Hwang , 문은정 Eunjung Moon

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Abstract

In this study, various plant extracts were screened for the effective and safe skin care ingredient according to the antioxidant activity assay guidelines. We selected an optimized combination herbal extract, Charmzone extract (CZE), which composed of Nelumbo nucifera leaves, Saururus chinensis and Orostachys japonica. CZE exerted free radical scavenging activity. It reduced reactive oxygen species formation and increased total antioxidant capacities in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). CZE also leaded procollagen type 1 secretion in NHDF and decreased cellular melanin contents in B16F10. The production of nitric oxide was decreased by CZE in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, it is concluded that CZE can be applied for naturally derived anti-aging functional skin care ingredient for anti-oxidation, wrinkle enhancement, whitening, anti-inflammation and wound healing of skin.

Key Words

Nelumbo nucifera leaf, Saururus chinensis, Orostachys japonica, anti-oxidant, anti-aging

노경백 Kyung-baeg Roh , 이정아 Jung-a Lee , 박준호 Junho Park , 정광선 Kwangseon Jung , 정은선 Eunsun Jung , 박덕훈 Deokhoon Park

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Abstract

Gnaphalium affine D. DON (GA) has been used as a vegetable as well as a folk medicine in East Asia. The antioxidant and anti-complementary activity of GA extract (GAE) has also been reported. However, little is known about its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect and mechanism of action. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of GAE on the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, PGE₂, TLR4, eotaxin-1 and histamine. Our results suggest that GAE inhibits the production of NO and PGE₂ by inhibiting transcriptional activation via the involvement of iNOS and COX-2. The LPS-induced expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was also attenuated. In addition, GAE inhibited A23187-induced histamine release from MC/9 mast cells. It also inhibited the production of eotaxin-1 induced by IL-4. Collectively, these results suggest that GAE may have considerable potential as a cosmetic ingredient with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties.

Key Words

Gnaphalium affine D. DON, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, eotaxin-1, histamine

차영권 Young Kwon Cha , 조현대 Hyun Dae Cho , 조완구 Wan Goo Cho , 변상요 Sang Yo Byun

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate skin whitening effect of Resorcinol dipentyl ether [1,3-di(pentyloxyl)benzene] by in vitro experiments. Resorcinol dipentyl ether was prepared by alkylation of resorcinol with 1-bromopentane. The reaction products were confirmed by NMR, MS and other analytical equipments. In order to evaluate the skin safety of resorcinol dipentyl ether, the cytotoxicity of the cells constituting the skin (keratinocyte, melanocyte, fibroblast) was analyzed and similar cell viability was observed in all cell lines as compared with the control group. Inhibition of extracellular melanin synthesis effect of resorcinol dipentyl ether was approximately 65.75% at 20 μg/mL and inhibition of intracellular melanin synthesis effect of resorcinol dipentyl ether was approximately 53.89% at 20 μg/mL. The real-time PCR and western blot analysis of mRNA expression and protein expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 related to melanogenesis revealed that melanin inhibitory effect of resorcinol dipentyl ether was inhibited from the transcription stage respectively. Finally, this study suggested applicability of Resorcinol dipentyl ether [1,3-di(pentyloxyl)benzene] as a whitening functional cosmetic new material.

Key Words

Resorcinol dipentyl ether, melanin, MTT assay, tyrosinase, mRNA

윤종문 Jong-moon Yoon , 김동인 Dong-in Kim , 이지혜 Ji-hae Lee , 한소정 So-jung Han , 김하은 Ha-eun Kim , 김현정 Hyeon-jeong Kim , 남규우 Kyu-woo Nam , 박지연 Ji-yeon Park , 지경엽 Gyeong-yup Chi , 안봉전 Bong-jeun An

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is verification of the anti-oxidant effect and anti-inflammatory effect of Eggplant-cheongyeolsodokum composed of 8 herbs (Solanum melongena L., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Angelica gigas Nakai., Coptis deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao., Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis., Forsythia suspensa Vahl) to confirm the possibilities as useful cosmetic material. We used the modified prescription of ‘cheongyeolsodokum’ contained in Korean traditional medical book ‘Donguibogam’ as composition of Eggplant-cheongyeolsodokum and their proportions. Eggplant-cheongyeolsodokum were extracted with hot water, 70% ethanol and then powdered. To confirm anti-oxidant effect, we investigated radical scavenging ability (DPPH, ABTS⁺, superoxide), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, total polyphenolic contents. Also to confirm anti- inflammatory effect, we investigated inhibition effect of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and Inhibition effect of the expression of inflammatory-related proteins (iNOS, COX-2) by western blot analysis. As a result, Eggplant-cheongyeolsodokum showed good anti-oxidant and antiinflammation effects, we suggest that it can be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.

Key Words

anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, RAW264.7 cell, polyphenol, cosmetics

이동걸 Dong-geol Lee , 김민지 Minji Kim , 강승현 Seunghyun Kang , 김연준 Youn-joon Kim

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Abstract

The human skin is an ecosystem that provides habitat to various microorganisms. These comprise the skin microbiome and provide numerous benefits in addition to maintaining a symbiotic relation with the host. Various metabolites generated by the skin microbiome exert beneficial effects such as strengthening the skin barrier, and antiaging and anti-inflammatory functions. In this study, we isolated a novel bacterium, designated Sporichthyacae strain K-07, from the human skin. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the newly found bacterium shares 93.4% homology with the genus Sporichthya, thus corroborating the discovery of a novel genus. We further analyzed the effect of the novel strain in vitro, by treating HaCaT cells with bacterial metabolite products. Treatment resulted in changes in the mRNA expression levels of filaggrin, claudin1, claudin4, SMase, CERS3, HAS3, aquaporin3, IL-6, TNF-α, TSLP, and TARC. Specifically, the levels of filaggrin, claudin1, claudin4, SMase, CERS3, HAS3, and aquaporin3 were higher in strain K-07 metabolite product-treated cells than in control cells. These results showed that metabolite products of the novel strain K-07 enhanced the skin barrier and exert anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, these metabolite products could be potentially used for treatment of skin conditions.

Key Words

skin microbiome, cosmetic, Sporichthyaceae, symbiotic bacteria, skin barrier

정희훈 Heehoon Jung , 신민규 Min Kyu Shin , 이수열 Su Yel Lee , 이상린 Sang Rin Lee , 김무성 Moo Sung Kim

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Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the hair protection effect of fermented black soybean extracts. The morphological characteristics, tensile strength and constitutional changes of the hair were analyzed and compared when the hair was chemically oxidized and then treated with fermented black soybean extract. As a result, treatment of oxidizing agent on virgin hair caused damage on the cuticle layer of the epidermis and decreased in tensile strength of hair from 14.32 ± 0.83 g/㎠ to 12.32 ± 0.79 g/㎠. FT-IR analysis showed the peaks at 1,077, 1,041, and 801 cm^-1 of the hair treated with oxidizing agent were increased compared to peak values of virgin hair, indicating that cystein in hair was decreased which is crucial to disulfide bond between keratin. On the other hand, when the damaged hair is treated with the fermented black soybean extract, cracks in the cuticle layer of the epidermis were filled, tensile strength was restored to 14.27 ± 0.96 g/㎠ and the ratio of oxidized cysteine in hair was decreased. These results suggest that the fermented black soybean extract is worthy of further investigation as a protective material for hair damaged by oxidizing agents.

Key Words

hair care, decolorization, tensile strength, fermented black bean extract, biopolymer

조욱민 Uk Min Cho , 황형서 Hyung Seo Hwang

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Abstract

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is a perennial plant of the genus Stevia, originated in South America. It stores many forms of glycosides, mainly stevioside and rebaudioside A, in which steviol is the basic structure. Steviol glycosides, widely used as sweeteners, are superior to sugar in sweetness. Recently, it has been reported that steviol glycosides are involved not only in the skin whitening and anti-inflammatory effect but also in enhancing skin barrier function through tight junction regulation. Thus, we examined anti-inflammatory effect of rebaudioside A and tried to identify its potential for improving atopic dermatitis as cosmetic ingredients. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect, cell viability and mRNA expression level of inflammation-related cytokines were measured using mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was carried out to measure cell viability and the maximum concentration without cytotoxicity was set to 250 μM. A quantitative real-time RT-PCR method was used for the study of the inflammatory suppression of rebaudioside A. Rebaudioside A inhibited expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) up to 47% and COX-2 up to 41% compared to LPS treated condition. NO synthesis was decreased by rebaudioside A. Also, mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was decreased to 40%, 45% and 59%, respectively, as a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, rebaudioside A inhibited the inflammatory response by regulation of cytokine gene expression. From these results, we expect that steviol glycoside, such as rebaudioside A, can be used as a material for improving atopic dermatitis in the future.

Key Words

Steviol, Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, anti-inflammatory effects, RAW264.7

이존환 John Hwan Lee , 오성근 Seong-geun Oh , 김용진 Yong-jin Kim

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Abstract

This study reports a synthesis of an amphiphilic linear block copolymer consisting of a hydrophobic poly (lactide) (PLA) block and a hydrophilic hyperbranched polyglycerol (hbPG) block, PLA-b-hbPG. Simple chemical modification of the hbPG block with 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CA) led to a photo-crosslinkable block copolymer, PLA-b-hbPG-CA. Nanosized micelles of the block copolyemrs were used as drug carriers for sustainable release. The hbPG shell made of a small molecular weight hbPG block showed excellent hydrophilicity, which can minimize in vivo toxicity. The UV-crosslinked PLA-b-hbPG-CA micelles loaded with drugs colud be served as a drug delivery carrier for its biocompatibility and self-assembled structures.

Key Words

hyperbranched polyglycerol, polymer synthesis, sustained release, amphiphilic block copolymer, drug delivery systems

정효진 Hyo Jin Jeong , 김아랑 A Rang Kim , 이건수 Keon Soo Lee , 박소현 So Hyun Park , 신혁수 Hyuk Soo Shin , 이상래 Sang Rae Lee , 송바름 Ba Reum Song , 이윤주 Yun Ju Lee , 안현진 Hyun Jin An , 이재덕 Jae Duk Lee , 박수남 Soo Nam Park

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Abstract

In this study, the antioxidant effect and component analysis for extract and fractions of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf were investigated. All experiments were performed with 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from dried C. halicacabum leaf. The yields of extract and fractions were 16.4, 0.9 and 0.3% per dried powder, respectively. DPPH (1,1-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (FSC₅₀) of ethyl acetate fraction (92.5 μg/mL) was the greatest radical scavenging activity, but lower than (+)-α-tocopherol (8.9 μg/mL). In reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (total antioxidant capacity, OSC₅₀) on ROS generated in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system, aglycone fraction (4.2 μg/mL) was the highest total antioxidant capacity and similar to L-ascorbic acid (1.5 μg/mL). The cellular protective effects of C. halicacabum leaf extract and fractions on the ¹O₂-induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes were exhibited at all concentration-dependent (5.0-25.0 μg/mL). Especially, aglycone fraction (τ₅₀, 76.4 min) in 25.0 μg/mL showed the most protective effect among extracts. Components of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from C. halicacabum extracts were analyzed by TLC, HPLC chromatogram and LC/ESI-MS. Results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction contained some flavonoids, such as apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin-7-glucosdie and quercitrin hydrate. These results suggest that the extracts and fractions of C. halicacabum leaf may be applied as antioxidant functional cosmetic raw materials.

Key Words

Cardiospermum halicacabum, antioxidant, reactive oxygen species, component analysis