Effects of Cannabis sativa Extract on Skin Physiology and Activity 대마추출물의 피부생리 및 활성에 미치는 영향
김무준 Mu Jun Kim , 신정언 Jung Un Shin , 김현기 Hyun Kee Kim , 신동욱 Dong Wook Shin
50(2) 95-102, 2024
김무준 Mu Jun Kim , 신정언 Jung Un Shin , 김현기 Hyun Kee Kim , 신동욱 Dong Wook Shin
DOI:
Abstract
With the recent trend towards the legalization and relaxation of regulations surrounding medical cannabis, the diverse benefits of cannabis extracts are being scientifically validated, positioning them as promising next-generation ingredients across various fields. Compounds extracted from cannabis, such as cannabinoid (CB), cannabidiol (CBD), phytocannabinoid (pCB), and hemp seed hexane extracts (HSHE), have been shown to reduce skin inflammation, improve moisture retention exhibit strong antioxidant effects, and improve various skin conditions. In this paper, we review the effects of hemp extracts on the skin and explore their potential role as cosmetic ingredients.
Key Words
skin, cannabis sativa, cannabinoid, cannabidiol, phytochannbinoid
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Preparation and Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Fat-Soluble Vitamin C Derivatives and Gallic Acid 지용성 비타민 C 유도체 및 갈릭산을 함유한 지질나노입자 제조 및 특성
유지수 Ji Soo Ryu , 김자인 Ja In Kim , 서재용 Jae Yong Seo , 박영아 Young-ah Park , 강유진 Yu-jin Kang , 한지수 Ji Soo Han , 김진웅 Jin Woong Kim
50(2) 103-110, 2024
유지수 Ji Soo Ryu , 김자인 Ja In Kim , 서재용 Jae Yong Seo , 박영아 Young-ah Park , 강유진 Yu-jin Kang , 한지수 Ji Soo Han , 김진웅 Jin Woong Kim
DOI:
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a stable and an effective system that protects cell-impermeable biologically active compounds such as nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides against degradation caused by subtle environmental changes. This study focuses on developing LNPs encapsulating gallic acid (GA), an antioxidant, to effectively prolong the half-life of tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (THDC), a oil-soluble vitamin C derivative. These LNPs were synthesized in small, uniform sizes at room temperature and pressure conditions using a microfluidics chip. Compared to liposomes manufactured under high pressure and high temperature conditions through conventional microfluidizers, LNPs manufactured through microfluidics chips had excellent dispersion and temperature stability, and improved skin absorption as well as improved oxidative stability of fat-soluble vitamin C derivatives. Future studies will focus on ex vivo and in vivo evaluations to study skin improvement to further validate these results.
Key Words
tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, lipid nanoparticle, gallic acid, microfluidics, skin absorption efficacy
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Effect of a Mixture of Centella asiatica and Rosamarinus officinalis Leaf Extracts on Delayed Cortisol-induced Keratinocyte Migration 병풀과 로즈마리 잎 추출 혼합물의 코티솔로 유도된 각질형성세포 이동지연에 미치는 영향
조원태 Wontae Jo , 염미지 Miji Yeom , 조신환 Shinhwan Cho , 조은애 Eunae Cho , 박덕훈 Deokhoon Park , 정은선 Eunsun Jung
50(2) 111-118, 2024
조원태 Wontae Jo , 염미지 Miji Yeom , 조신환 Shinhwan Cho , 조은애 Eunae Cho , 박덕훈 Deokhoon Park , 정은선 Eunsun Jung
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Abstract
A key component of wound healing is epithelialization, which involves the proliferation and migration of epidermal keratinocytes surrounding the wound. Increasing cortisol, a stress hormone, is known to slow the healing process by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. This study aims to develop an ingredient that can promote delayed wound healing by cortisol through a combination of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), known for its excellent wound healing effect, and Rosamarinus officinalis (R. officinalis) leaf known for their antipsychotic effect. R. officinalis leaf extract was found to inhibit the activity of 11β-HSD1, an enzyme involved in the production of cortisol. A combination of C. asiatica and R. officinalis leaf extracts (AlfaCalm) was found to enhance cortisol induced delayed keratinocyte migration to a greater extent than C. asiatica extract. AlfaCalm enhanced the expression of CDC42 and the formation of filopodia, which are crucial for the relaxation of the actin skeleton. These results suggest that AlfaCalm can be used as an effective wound healing material in stress condition.
Key Words
skin, stress, wound healing, cell migration, filopodia
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LymphanaxTM Enhances Lymphangiogenesis in an Artificial Human Skin Model, Skin-lymph-on-a-chip 스킨-림프-칩 상에서 LymphanaxTM 의 림프 형성 촉진능
박필준 Phil June Park , 김민섭 Minseop Kim , 최시은 Sieun Choi , 김현수 Hyun Soo Kim , 정석 Seok Chung
50(2) 119-129, 2024
박필준 Phil June Park , 김민섭 Minseop Kim , 최시은 Sieun Choi , 김현수 Hyun Soo Kim , 정석 Seok Chung
DOI:
Abstract
The cutaneous lymphatic system in humans plays a crucial role in draining interstitial fluid and activating the immune system. Environmental factors, such as ultraviolet light and natural aging, often affect structural changes of such lymphatic vessels, causing skin dysfunction. However, some limitations still exist because of no alternatives to animal testing. To better understand the skin lymphatic system, a biomimetic microfluidic platform, skin-lymph-on-a-chip, was fabricated to develop a novel in vitro skin lymphatic model of humans and to investigate the molecular and physiological changes involved in lymphangiogenesis, the formation of lymphatic vessels. Briefly, the platform involved co-culturing differentiated primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) in vitro. Based on our system, LymphanaxTM , which is a condensed Panax ginseng root extract obtained through thermal conversion for 21 days, was applied to evaluate the lymphangiogenic effect, and the changes in molecular factors were analyzed using a deep-learning-based algorithm. LymphanaxTM promoted healthy lymphangiogenesis in skin-lymphon-a-chip and indirectly affected HDELCs as its components rarely penetrated differentiated NHEKs in the chip. Overall, this study provides a new perspective on Lymphanax and its effects using an innovative in vitro system.
Key Words
gypenoside 17, GYP-17, lymphangiogenesis, Panax ginseng root extract, LymphanaxTM, skin homeostasis, skin-lymph-on-a-chip
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Anti-oxidant and Whitening Effects of Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinmi Extracts 흑진미(Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinmi) 추출물의 항산화 및 미백 효능 연구
이주성 Ju Seong Lee , 최은영 Eun Young Choi
50(2) 131-141, 2024
이주성 Ju Seong Lee , 최은영 Eun Young Choi
DOI:
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of antioxidant and whitening factors was analyzed in order to verify the possibility of use as functional cosmetic materials related to antioxidant and whitening by using the extract of Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinmi. As a result, SOD-like activity, FRAP, reducing power, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and e lastase inhibitory activity were similar to those of the control group. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity had no effect in hydrothermal extract and 59% inhibitory activity in ethanol extract. Ethanol extract was found to inhibit cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin biosynthesis at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL, which will not affect survival in the B16F10 cell line. In addition, the results of confirming the mRNA expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 showed inhibition rates of 37%, 51%, and 34%, respectively, at the highest concentration of 100 μg/mL. Therefore, it is believed that O. sativa extract has potential to be utilized as a functional cosmetic material related to antioxidant and whitening.
Key Words
cosmetic, Oryza sativa cv, Heugjimi, anti-oxidant, whitening, melanin
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Stability Review of Formulations Produced with Ozone Free Plasma 제형별 오존 free 플라즈마 안정도 검토
천유연 You-yeon Chun , 조하현 Ha Hyeon Jo , 백문기 Moonki Baek , 박선주 Sun Ju Park , Sofia Brito , 빈범호 Bum-ho Bin
50(2) 143-151, 2024
천유연 You-yeon Chun , 조하현 Ha Hyeon Jo , 백문기 Moonki Baek , 박선주 Sun Ju Park , Sofia Brito , 빈범호 Bum-ho Bin
DOI:
Abstract
Ozone is a colorless, toxic gas that is produced when nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons undergo a photochemical oxidation reaction in the sun's rays. Even at low concentrations, it affects the respiratory system, causing coughing and other harmful effects. It was confirmed that ozone was generated from nitrogen plasma among cosmetic raw materials, and it was found that the concentration of ozone decreased after 1 day. On the other hand, ozone was not detected in ozone-free plasma generated with argon gas. Therefore, we aimed to produce ozone-free cosmetics by utilizing ozone-free plasma. For efficient plasma processing, the non-sinking method was utilized to inject the plasma into layer separation mists, toners, and ampoules, and the stability was observed. It was found that the successful injection of plasma in the layer separation mist was higher than the other two formulations, but decreased sharply compared to the toner and ampoule. It was found that the ozone-free plasma used did not affect the stability of the layer separation mist, toner, and ampoule under low temperature (4 ℃), room temperature (25 ℃), and high temperature (37 ℃, 50 ℃) conditions. Therefore, this study suggests the importance of ozone-free plasma for cosmetic potential and stability of each formulation.
Key Words
ozone, cosmetic, plasma, ozone free, formulation
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Effects of Provitamin D on Skin Pigmentation and Immunity 프로 비타민 D의 피부색 조절 및 면역 효능
최현정 Hyunjung Choi , 민대진 Daejin Min , 최은정 Eun-jeong Choi , 박승한 Seung-han Park , 김형준 Hyoung-june Kim , 박원석 Won-seok Park
50(2) 153-161, 2024
최현정 Hyunjung Choi , 민대진 Daejin Min , 최은정 Eun-jeong Choi , 박승한 Seung-han Park , 김형준 Hyoung-june Kim , 박원석 Won-seok Park
DOI:
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is mainly produced in the skin by UV rays. Along with melatonin, it is a representative chronobiotic substance, and the skin plays an important role in distinguishing between day and night. However, vitamin D cannot be used directly in cosmetics because it is a vitamin that acts as a coenzyme and plays a hormonal role in regulating the expression of various types of genes. Therefore, it was to investigate the skin efficacy of provitamin D (7-dehydrocholesterol), a vitamin D precursor that can be used in cosmetics. Our findings reveal that pro vitamin D can effectively inhibit the expression of tyrosinase, the melanin-producing enzyme, thereby attenuating melanin synthesis. This skin tone regulatory effect has been corroborated in vitro using artificial skin models. Additionally, pro vitamin D demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the expression of TNFa and, upon conversion to vitamin D through UV exposure, it was observed to induce the production of the antimicrobial peptide CAMP (LL-37). The inhibitory effect of pro vitamin D on melanin production appears to be a result of it reducing the UV absorption capacity of melanin, thereby inducing the conversion of pro D to vitamin D. Utilizing pro vitamin D in cosmetic formulations could not only modulate skin tone and enhance skin immunity but also expect to contribute to other cutaneous benefits as anti-aging and barrier function improvement with everyday UV exposure. This multifaceted efficacy positions pro vitamin D as a promising ingredient in advancing the formulation of skin care products.
Key Words
vitamin D, pro-vitamin D, 7-dehydrocholesterol, melanogenesis, tyrosinase
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Effects of Natural Herbal Extracts on Electrical Brain Activity and Autonomic Nervous System 천연 약초 추출 향이 뇌파 활성과 자율신경계에 미치는 영향
이은경 Eun Kyoung Lee , 박진오 Jin Oh Park , 이해광 Hae-kwang Lee , 신진희 Jin Hee Shin
50(2) 163-170, 2024
이은경 Eun Kyoung Lee , 박진오 Jin Oh Park , 이해광 Hae-kwang Lee , 신진희 Jin Hee Shin
DOI:
Abstract
In the literature, inhalation of cosmetic fragrances, including natural extracts or natural essential oils, has been reported to induce brainwave changes. Angelica gigas (AG) and Cnidium officinale (CO) are widely used in East Asian countries as traditional medicines to improve health, but there have been no previous reports of inhaling their aromas and assessing changes in brain activity through electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. In this study, the scent of natural herbal extracts such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Compositae), AG, and CO was inhaled and evaluated whether emotional state changes were caused by olfactory stimuli, and brain activity was confirmed through EEG records before and after inhaling the scent of natural herbal extracts in subjects aged 20 to 30. We also used an electrocardiogram (ECG) to record the electrical activity of the heart during fragrance administration. The test results indicated that inhaling the scents of Compositae, AG, and CO extracts, as well as the positive control lavender, significantly increased the relative alpha power and the alpha/beta ratio of brain waves across the brain regions. The ECG recordings indicated that the inhalation of Compositae fragrance significantly decreased the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, and that the inhalation of traditional herbal extract fragrances resulted in comfort and relaxation.
Key Words
brain wave, olfactory stimulation, Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, Compositae
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Anti-inflammatory, Anti-aging, and Sebum Inhibitory Effects of Osmanthus fragrans Flower Extract 목서 꽃 추출물의 항염, 항노화 및 피지 억제 효능
김형민 Hyung-min Kim , 정연수 Yeon Su Jeong , 김세현 Sehyun Kim , 조정훈 Jeong Hun Cho , 홍용덕 Yong Deog Hong , 박원석 Won-seok Park
50(2) 171-178, 2024
김형민 Hyung-min Kim , 정연수 Yeon Su Jeong , 김세현 Sehyun Kim , 조정훈 Jeong Hun Cho , 홍용덕 Yong Deog Hong , 박원석 Won-seok Park
DOI:
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the various effects of Osmanthus fragrans (O. fragrans) flower extract on the skin in order to utilize it as a cosmetic material. For this purpose, Osmanthus fragrans flower extract (OFFE) of Jeju Island was prepared and used in the experiment. The experiments were evaluated by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and lipid droplet staining assay. First, the OFFE decreased the gene expressions of three representative pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1α) and an inflammation-related enzyme, PTGS2 induced by poly I:C in epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, the OFFE increased the gene expression levels of collagen (COL1A1) and elastin (ELN) in dermal fibroblasts. Further, the OFFE showed the inhibitory effect in sebum production by linoleic acid in sebocytes. Therefore, from this study, it is expected that OFFE can be used as a natural cosmetic material for anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and sebum inhibitory efficacy.
Key Words
osmanthus fragrans, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, anti-sebum, natural cosmetic ingredients
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Effect of GABA Regulation and Activities of Filaggrin and Claudin-1 through Inhibiting Stress Hormone Production by Prunus tomentosa Extract In Vitro 앵두 추출물의 세포 수준에서의 스트레스 호르몬 생성 억제를 통한 GABA 조절 및 Filaggrin 과 Claudin-1의 활성 효과
최원영 Won Yeoung Choi , 박성민 Sung Min Park , 김라혜 Ra Hye Kim , 이형진 Hyoung Jin Lee , 이정노 Jung No Lee , 유화선 Hwa Sun Ryu
50(2) 179-192, 2024
최원영 Won Yeoung Choi , 박성민 Sung Min Park , 김라혜 Ra Hye Kim , 이형진 Hyoung Jin Lee , 이정노 Jung No Lee , 유화선 Hwa Sun Ryu
DOI:
Abstract
In this study, six types of natural products, Prunus tomentosa (P. tomentosa), Akebia quinata (A. quinata), Prunus armeniaca (P. armeniaca), Smallanthus sonchifolius (S. sonchifolius), Citrus japonica (C. japonica), and Citrus australasica (C. australasica), were used to verify the effect of improving sleep and skin barriers by stress relief. As a result of the experiment, the production of cortisol, a stress hormone, was significantly inhibited by the P. tomentosa, C. australasica, A. quinata, and C. japonica among the six natural products. In addition, the expression of GAD67, a GABA-producing enzyme involved in sleep regulation, showed a significant increase in P. tomentosa purified water extract and C. australasica 50% ethanol extract, and the extract by each P. tomentosa solvent was found to have the highest total polyphenol content. Based on the results, the P. tomentosa extract with the highest activity was finally selected, and subsequent experiments were conducted. Among each P. tomentosa solvent extract, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in the 30% ethanol extract, and purified water extract increased GABA production and skin barrier factors filaggrin and claudin-1 expression the highest. HPLC analysis confirmed quercitrin as the main component of P. tomentosa extract, and quercitrin content by extraction solvent was high in the order of 30% ethanol > purified water > 70% ethanol > 50% ethanol. Quercitrin inhibited the production of cortisol in a concentration-dependent manner, significantly increasing GAD67 expression and GABA production, which had been reduced by cortisol. From the results of this study, it has been demonstrated that P. tomentosa can be used as a cosmetic material to help improve sleep and strengthen skin barriers by relieving stress.
Key Words
anti-stress, cortisol, sleep improvement, GABA, skin barrier
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