Antioxidant Effects of Cysteine-containing Peptides of Different Lengths in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide 과산화수소에 노출된 인간 각질형성세포에서 길이가 다른 시스테인 함유 펩타이드의 항산화 효과
하재원 Jae Won Ha , 최준용 Joon Yong Choi , 부용출 Yong Chool Boo
49(3) 193-201, 2023
하재원 Jae Won Ha , 최준용 Joon Yong Choi , 부용출 Yong Chool Boo
DOI:
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a type of active oxygen species (ROS) that causes oxidative stress in cells and affects cell growth, proliferation, senescence, and death. The purpose of this study is to find active peptides that attenuate cytotoxicity of H2O2. A positional scanning synthetic tetrapeptide combinatorial library was screened to predict the sequence of potentially active peptides. As a result of comparing the effect of peptide pools on H2O2-induced death of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), various active peptide sequences were predicted. Especially, peptides containing cysteine (C) residue were predicted to be active. In follow-up experiments, the cytotoxicity and activity of cysteine-containing peptides of different lengths, such as C-NH2, CC-NH2, CCC-NH2, and CCCC-NH2 were examined. C-NH2 and CC-NH2 showed no significant cytotoxicity up to 1.0 mM, but CCC-NH2, and CCCC-NH2 showed relatively strong cytotoxicity. C-NH2 and CC-NH2 alleviated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. CC-NH2 was more cytoprotective compared to C-NH2, C, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and glutathione (GSH). When intracellular ROS was measured by flow cytometry, H2O2 increased ROS production, and CC-NH2 suppressed ROS production more effectively than C-NH2, and it was as effective as C, NAC, and GSH. This study suggests that CC-NH2 of the cysteine-containing peptides of different lengths has an antioxidant property that safely and effectively alleviates H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and ROS production.
Key Words
hydrogen peroxide, oxidative stress, cysteine-containing peptides, reactive oxygen species, keratinocytes
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Evaluation of Anti-wrinkle Effect of Peanut Shell Extract and Stability of the Extract in Cosmetic Products 땅콩 겉껍질 추출물의 주름개선 효능 및 화장품 제형에서 추출물의 안정성 평가
한나래 Narae Han , 이진영 Jin Young Lee , 김미향 Mihyang Kim , 최은영 Eun Young Choi , 안봉전 Bong-jeun An , 이유영 Yu-young Lee , 강문석 Moon Seok Kang , 김현주 Hyun-joo Kim
49(3) 203-212, 2023
한나래 Narae Han , 이진영 Jin Young Lee , 김미향 Mihyang Kim , 최은영 Eun Young Choi , 안봉전 Bong-jeun An , 이유영 Yu-young Lee , 강문석 Moon Seok Kang , 김현주 Hyun-joo Kim
DOI:
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of peanut shell, a by-product of peanut, as a functional cosmetic ingredient. Peanut shell extract showed high antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 75.00, 46.33, and 472.83 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and SOD-like activity, respectively. Furthermore, peanut shell extract was efficiently decreased the MMP-1 and MMP-3 protein level in the UVB treated-HaCaT cell and maintained procollagen protein level similar to normal control. Similar to anti-wrinkle related protein expression assay, the IC50 value of elastase and collagnease inhibition in peanut shell extract was lower as 0.30 and 0.09 mg/mL, respectively, than that of the positive control. Additionally, eriodictyol and luteolin, which are isolated from peanut shell extract, showed 53.8 and 98.0% elastase inhibition rate, respectively, and 60.1 and 72.5% collagenase inhibition rate, respectively, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Thus, luteolin was assumed to be the effective ingredient for wrinkle inhibition in peanut shell extract. As a result of stability evaluation of lotion and cream formulations containing peanut shell extract, it was confirmed to be a stable formulation with no significant changes. Therefore, it is considered that peanut shell extract can be applied as a cosmetic ingredient for wrinkle inhibition.
Key Words
arachis hypogaea, by-product, collagenase, elastase, functional compounds
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Monitoring of Quality Characteristics and Harmful Substances in Commercial Handmade Soap 유통 수제비누의 품질특성 및 유해물질 모니터링
김연지 Yeon Ji Kim , 이인숙 In Sook Lee , 김수애 Su Ae Kim , 김꽃봉우리 Koth Bong Woo Ri Kim , 윤호철 Ho Cheol Yun , 구평태 Pyeung Tae Gu
49(3) 213-223, 2023
김연지 Yeon Ji Kim , 이인숙 In Sook Lee , 김수애 Su Ae Kim , 김꽃봉우리 Koth Bong Woo Ri Kim , 윤호철 Ho Cheol Yun , 구평태 Pyeung Tae Gu
DOI:
Abstract
A total of 81 handmade soaps on sale on the market were collected from January to November 2022. To compare quality characteristics, all ingredients were referred to, and the pH, dry reduction, heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, antimony, and mercury), and contents of free alkali were measured. All soaps had a slightly alkaline pH of 7.9 to 11.2, average drying loss was 17.6%, and free alkali was hardly detected. The average values of all heavy metals were 0.104 ㎍/g for lead, 0.035 ㎍/g for arsenic, 0.002 ㎍/g for cadmium, 0.048 ㎍/g for antimony, and 0.0003 ㎍/g for mercury. The results of handmade soap were below the recommended in regulations on safety standards for cosmetics of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.
Key Words
handmade soap, harmful substances, allergenic materials, cosmetics
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Study on Evaluation of Internal Hair Porosity using Optical Microscopy and Improvement of Hair Luster through Internal Hair Density 광학 현미경을 이용한 모발 내부 다공성 평가 및 모발 내부 밀도 증가를 통한 윤기 증가 연구
박현섭 Hyun-sub Park , 손성길 Seong Kil Son , 강내규 Nae-gyu Kang , 이익현 Ik Hyun Lee
49(3) 225-230, 2023
박현섭 Hyun-sub Park , 손성길 Seong Kil Son , 강내규 Nae-gyu Kang , 이익현 Ik Hyun Lee
DOI:
Abstract
In this study, the porous structure inside the hair were observed using an optical microscope without damaging the hair, and the porosity inside the hair was quantitatively expressed using the results. Experiments were conducted on the effect of the decrease in density inside the hair on the bending and tensile properties of the hair, and experiments on endogenous and extrinsic factors were conducted to find out the causes of the decrease in density inside the hair. As for the endogenous factor, the porosity of gray hair, one of the representative symptoms of aging, was compared with normal hair. As for extrinsic factors, it was observed that the internal density of hair decreased by surfactant and heat, which are factors that can cause hair damage in daily life. In addition, we confirmed whether it is possible to increase the internal density and luster of the hair by using an amino acids and material that can prevent hair lipid predisposition.
Key Words
hair, medulla, porosity, optical microscope, luster
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A Study on Formulation Optimization for Improving Skin Absorption of Glabridin-Containing Nanoemulsion Using Response Surface Methodology 반응표면분석법을 활용한 Glabridin 함유 나노에멀젼의 피부흡수 향상을 위한 제형 최적화 연구
김세연 Se-yeon Kim , 김원형 Won Hyung Kim , 윤경섭 Kyung-sup Yoon
49(3) 231-245, 2023
김세연 Se-yeon Kim , 김원형 Won Hyung Kim , 윤경섭 Kyung-sup Yoon
DOI:
Abstract
In the cosmetics industry, it is important to develop new materials for functional cosmetics such as whitening, wrinkles, anti-oxidation, and anti-aging, as well as technology to increase absorption when applied to the skin. Therefore, in this study, we tried to optimize the nanoemulsion formulation by utilizing response surface methodology (RSM), an experimental design method. A nanoemulsion was prepared by a high-pressure emulsification method using Glabridin as an active ingredient, and finally, the optimized skin absorption rate of the nanoemulsion was evaluated. Nanoemulsions were prepared by varying the surfactant content, cholesterol content, oil content, polyol content, high-pressure homogenization pressure, and cycling number of high-pressure homogenization as RSM factors. Among them, surfactant content, oil content, high-pressure homogenization pressure, and cycling number of high-pressure homogenization, which are factors that have the greatest influence on particle size, were used as independent variables, and particle size and skin absorption rate of nanoemulsion were used as response variables. A total of 29 experiments were conducted at random, including 5 repetitions of the center point, and the particle size and skin absorption of the prepared nanoemulsion were measured. Based on the results, the formulation with the minimum particle size and maximum skin absorption was optimized, and the surfactant content of 5.0 wt%, oil content of 2.0 wt%, high-pressure homogenization pressure of 1,000 bar, and the cycling number of high-pressure homogenization of 4 pass were derived as the optimal conditions. As the physical properties of the nanoemulsion prepared under optimal conditions, the particle size was 111.6 ± 0.2 nm, the PDI was 0.247 ± 0.014, and the zeta potential was -56.7 ± 1.2 mV. The skin absorption rate of the nanoemulsion was compared with emulsion as a control. As a result of the nanoemulsion and general emulsion skin absorption test, the cumulative absorption of the nanoemulsion was 79.53 ± 0.23%, and the cumulative absorption of the emulsion as a control was 66.54 ± 1.45% after 24 h, which was 13% higher than the emulsion.
Key Words
transdermal absorption, response surface method, nanoemulsion, glabridin, high pressure homogenization
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Increased Water Resistance and Adhesion Force to Skin through the Hybrid of Fatty Acid Ester and Titanium Dioxide 지방산 에스테르와 티타늄다이옥사이드의 복합화를 통한 내수성과 피부 밀착력 개선
홍지연 Ji Yeon Hong , 박치제 Chi Je Park , 김용우 Yong Woo Kim , 한상근 Sang Keun Han , 계성봉 Sung Bong Kye , 노호식 Ho Sik Roh , 박수남 Soo Nam Park
49(3) 247-258, 2023
홍지연 Ji Yeon Hong , 박치제 Chi Je Park , 김용우 Yong Woo Kim , 한상근 Sang Keun Han , 계성봉 Sung Bong Kye , 노호식 Ho Sik Roh , 박수남 Soo Nam Park
DOI:
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the enhancement of water resistance and improvement in adhesion to the skin by combining dextrin palmitate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate coating materials with titanium dioxide. Due to the recent increase in consumers who enjoy outdoor activities, the demand for sunscreen with excellent water resistance is increasing. Prior research was conducted with O/W, Pickering, and W/O/W multiple formulations, but there was a limit to water resistance. The purpose of this study is to develop a complex inorganic powder that can improve water resistance and increase adhesion to the skin to solve this problem. First, we combined dextrin palmitate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate coating materials to form a composite with titanium dioxide. The coating of the inorganic powder was confirmed using FE-SEM and FT-IR analysis. The composite exhibited significantly higher in vitro water resistance compared to other formulations. The hydrophobicity of the coated inorganic powder was compared by measuring the contact angles. When the coated inorganic powder was applied to the W/O sunscreen formulation and the non-coated inorganic powder was applied to the W/O sunscreen formulation as a control, the SPF of the sunscreen containing the coated inorganic powder was higher. These results were the same when observed with a UV camera. Finally the adhesion of the coated inorganic powder to the skin was assessed by applying it to a foundation product. In vivo study, it was observed that the product formulated with the coated powder exhibited less smudging compared to the foundation product formulated with the non-coated powder. The developed inorganic powder in this study demonstrated excellent adhesion to the skin, providing a superior sensory experience, as well as enhanced hydrophobicity and remarkable water resistance effects. In the future, the result of this study is expected to help develop various sunscreen products to improve water resistance.
Key Words
water-resistant, W, O emulsion, titanium dioxide, adhesion force to skin, composite powder
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Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-photoaging Activities of Hydrolyzed Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) Flower 작약꽃 가수분해물의 항산화, 항염 및 광노화 억제 효능
이경주 Kyung Ju Lee , 김유아 You Ah Kim , 박병준 Byoung Jun Park
49(3) 259-267, 2023
이경주 Kyung Ju Lee , 김유아 You Ah Kim , 박병준 Byoung Jun Park
DOI:
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate physiological activity of flower extract of peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by hydrolysis and to use it as a valuable cosmetic ingredients. Four cultivar of peony flowers were extracted, and the highest active ingredient contents was selected, and that cultivar was used for hydrolyzing. The results showed that high concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolyzed, and biological hydrolysis using enzymes had no activity. The deglycosylation of peonidin 3,5-diglucoside occurred by hydrolysis. The hydrolysate contains 63.3 ppm of peonidin, a red-colored anthocyanin compound. The antioxidant activity of hydrolysate was compared with extract. The results showed the strong antioxidant activity in hydrolysate (96%) than extract (82%). In addition, hydrolysate of peony flower showed higher inhibitory activity of NO release than extract. UVA assay using fibroblast cell (CCD-986Sk) showed that hydrolysate increased cell viability than extract under UVA exposure. Based on these results, we anticipate that hydrolysate of peony flower can be used a valuable cosmetic ingredient.
Key Words
peony, hydrolysis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-photoaging
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A Study on Anti-inflammatory and Skin Soothing Cosmetics Material of COMPAREX COMPAREX 의 항염 및 진정 화장품 소재로서의 연구
김하연 Ha Yeon Kim , 이재석 Jae Seok Lee , 이소헌 So Hun Lee , 김예향 Ye Hyang Kim , 정은영 Eun Young Jeong , 이강혁 Kang Hyuk Lee , 신송석 Song Seok Shin
49(3) 269-276, 2023
김하연 Ha Yeon Kim , 이재석 Jae Seok Lee , 이소헌 So Hun Lee , 김예향 Ye Hyang Kim , 정은영 Eun Young Jeong , 이강혁 Kang Hyuk Lee , 신송석 Song Seok Shin
DOI:
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the development of safer and more effective soothing materials to calm skin that has become sensitive to various external factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the skin soothing and anti-inflammatory effects of COMPAREX compared to Portulaca Oleracea extract. The results showed that COMPAREX significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production and the expression of inflammatory factors iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 more than P. oleracea extract. In addition, COMPAREX has been confirmed to have a more effective sedative effect by further inhibiting the gene and protein expression of IL-1α against SDS stimulation than the Portulaca Oleracea extract. Furthermore, COMPAREX inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors COX-2 and IL-8 increased by PM2.5 and suppressed H2O2-mediated carbonylated protein in hair cell. These results suggest that COMPAREX has shown the potential to be used as an improved natural soothing material over P. oleracea extract, and it is expected to be used as a derma cosmetic material in the future.
Key Words
COMPAREX, skin soothing, anti-inflammation, Portulaca oleracea extract
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A Study on Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effect of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Using Carbohydrate-Hydrolyzing Enzymes 당분해효소를 이용한 물푸레나무 효소처리물의 항염 및 항산화 효능 연구
이혜원 Hye Won Lee , 김유아 You Ah Kim , 박병준 Byoung Jun Park , 한상근 Sang Keun Han
49(3) 277-283, 2023
이혜원 Hye Won Lee , 김유아 You Ah Kim , 박병준 Byoung Jun Park , 한상근 Sang Keun Han
DOI:
Abstract
Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance (F. rhynchophylla) is a traditional medicinal plant that has been widely used in East Asia and has been used for chronic bronchitis, bacterial dysentery and improved eyesight. F. rhynchophylla contains various type of coumarins such as esculin, esculetin, fraxin and fraxetin. Esculetin possesses versatile activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer properties and improvement of atopic dermatitis. However, there is no research on the process of increasing active components in F. rhynchophylla. The objectives of the present study were to apply biotransformation technology to F. rhynchophylla for increasing the content of esculetin, and enhancing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. F. rhynchophylla extract (FRE) treated with viscozyme L (FRE-VL) showed 3.1 times higher content of esculetin than FRE, and exhibited effects such as increased anti-inflammatory activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Based on the these results, it is concluded that biotransformed FRE-VL could be potentially applicable as a new active ingredient in the cosmetic field.
Key Words
Fraxinus rhynchophylla, esculetin, viscozyme L, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii Lysate via Regulation of NF-κB Activity NF-κB 활성 조절을 통한 Lactobacillus johnsonii 파쇄액의 항염 효과
차화준 Hwa Jun Cha
49(3) 285-290, 2023
차화준 Hwa Jun Cha
DOI:
Abstract
In this study, the anti-inflammation efficacy of Lactobacillus johnsonii derived from Kimchi was investigated. Raw 264.7 cells, which are rat-derived macrophages, were treated with Lactobacillus johnsonii lysate to confirm the expression level of TNFα and IL1β, which are inflammatory markers, and when treating 250 μg/mL extract, the exp ression level of TNFα and IL1β decreased by 40.55% and 34.66% compared to the control group treated with 1 μg/mL LP, respectively. In addition, as a result of confirming the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, a key transcription factor in cytokine expression by LPS, it was confirmed that the transcriptional activity of NF-κB was 40.76% inhibited compared to the control group treated with 1 μg/mL LPS. Therefore, the results of this study confirmed that Lactobacillus johnsonii lysate is likely to be an anti-inflammatory or skin-soothing functional material by preventing the expression of cytokine by LPS and controlling NF-κB transcriptional activity.
Key Words
Lactobacillus johnsonii, NF-κB, inflammation, skin calming
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