Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Sapium macrocarpum Extract Sapium macrocarpum 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 Tyrosinase 활성 저해 평가
서성준 Seongjun Seo , 허창순 Changsoon Huh
52(1) 1-7, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.1
서성준 Seongjun Seo , 허창순 Changsoon Huh
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.1
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and melanin production-related regulatory potential of Sapium macrocarpum methanol extracts (SMME), native to South America and Brazil. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power,·OH radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition tests. SMME exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in all antioxidant tests, exhibiting DPPH scavenging activity of 36.1%, reducing power of 75.8%, and·OH radical scavenging activity of 82.9% at 10.0 μg/mL. Cell viability tests showed no significant difference from the control group, confirming the absence of cytotoxicity within the effective concentration range. Western blot analysis showed that SMME reduced α-MSH-induced tyrosinase protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with a maximum decrease of approximately 94.7%. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a decrease in tyrosinase fluorescence intensity, confirming the downregulation of tyrosinase at the protein level. Therefore, SMME is a candidate material derived from natural products with antioxidant activity and ability to control tyrosinase protein expression, and it can be used as basic data to explore mechanisms related to melanogenesis control.
Key Words
Sapium macrocarpum, B16F1, antioxidant, melanin inhibition, tyrosinase
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Studies on Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammation and Collagen Synthesis Activities of Novel Ginsenoside C-Mc1 희귀 진세노사이드 C-Mc1 의 피부 유해균 억제, 항염, 콜라겐 합성 효능 연구
권민정 Minjung Kwon , 김도현 Dohyun Kim , 이홍구 Hong Gu Lee , 정의택 Eui Taek Jeong , 강내규 Nae-gyu Kang
52(1) 9-15, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.9
권민정 Minjung Kwon , 김도현 Dohyun Kim , 이홍구 Hong Gu Lee , 정의택 Eui Taek Jeong , 강내규 Nae-gyu Kang
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.9
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic potential of the rare ginsenoside C-Mc1, isolated from the medicinal plant Panax ginseng, for skin health. C-Mc1 demonstrated significant efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes (RT1, RT4, and RT5), key skin commensals implicated in acne and inflammation. Specifically bactericidal and growth inhibitory effects were confirmed at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 50.0 μg/mL. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory and pro-collagen synthesis activities were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production and the promotion of COL1A1 synthesis. Significant inhibition of NO production and marked promotion of COL1A1 synthesis were observed at C-Mc1 concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 10.0 μg/mL. Based on these results, we would like to present ginsenoside C-Mc1 as a high value-added material with skin efficacy.
Key Words
C-Mc1, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, collagen synthesis, minor-ginsenoside
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Evaluation of Skin Barrier Function, Anti-Aging, and Whitening Activities of Cornus officinalis Leaf Extracts 산수유(Cornus officinalis) 잎 추출 분획물의 피부장벽, 항노화 및 미백효과 연구
김예린 Yerin Kim , 김보라 Bora Kim
52(1) 17-27, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.17
김예린 Yerin Kim , 김보라 Bora Kim
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.17
Abstract
Leaves of Cornus officinalis (C. officinalis) were extracted with 70% ethanol and subsequently fractionated into n-hexane (CLH), chloroform (CLC), ethyl acetate (CLE), butanol (CLB), and water (CLW) fractions. The functional potential of these fractions as cosmetic ingredients was systematically evaluated. DPPH radical scavenging assay demonstrated that the CLW fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the CLE fraction markedly inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and collagenase activity, indicating pronounced anti-aging effects. All fractions acted as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), and the CLW, CLB, CLE, and CLH fractions significantly induced cornified envelope formation in keratinocytes, suggesting their potential to enhance skin barrier function. The CLW fraction significantly downregulated tyrosinase expression, resulting in reduced melanin production and a notable whitening effect. In addition, all fractions exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a major causative pathogen of atopic dermatitis. Notably, the CLC fraction showed particularly strong antibacterial activity against multiple S. aureus strains, highlighting its potential application as a natural preservative. In conclusion, C. officinalis leaves which is a by-product generated in the process of growing cornelian milk fruits, exhibit various functions such as strengthening skin barriers, anti-aging, whitening, and antibacterial activity, and are considered to have high potential application value as a natural cosmetic material.
Key Words
Cornus officinalis, leaf, skin barrier, anti-aging, skin-whitening
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Effects of Hydrolyzed Cow Colostrum Extract on Dermal-Epidermal Marker Expression in Human Skin Cell Models 가수분해 소 초유 추출물이 인간 세포 모델에서 표피-진피 인자 발현에 미치는 영향
최재혁 Jae Hyeok Choi , 조양희 Yang Hee Jo , 연상원 Sang Won Yeon , 김준일 Junil Kim , 곽태일 Taeil Kwak , 이우람 Woo-ram Lee
52(1) 29-36, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.29
최재혁 Jae Hyeok Choi , 조양희 Yang Hee Jo , 연상원 Sang Won Yeon , 김준일 Junil Kim , 곽태일 Taeil Kwak , 이우람 Woo-ram Lee
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.29
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the component change induced by the hydrolysis of hydrolyzed cow colostrum extract (BCFM) and its potential as a skin-improving material by assessing the alterations in key indicators for skin wrinkles, barrier function, and moisturizing effects using human skin cell models. Mass spectrometric analysis of colostrum and BCFM confirmed the conversion of colostrum proteins into low molecular weight peptides due to hydrolysis. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were treated for 24 h with colostrum or BCFM at 0.1 ∼ 1 μg/mL, and no cytotoxicity was observed within this range, which was therefore adopted as the non-toxic upper bound. To confirm the collagen-producing ability of BCFM, type-I procollagen was quantified. While colostrum showed only a minor increase in type-I procollagen production, BCFM increased type-I procollagen production in a concentration-dependent manner. To evaluate epidermal hydration and barrier markers we analyzed human keratinocytes (HaCaT) by RT-qPCR for aquaporin-3 (AQP3), involucrin (IVL) and loricrin (LOR), and BCFM treatment dose-dependently upregulated AQP3, IVL and LOR mRNA, indicating improvement in epidermal hydration and barrier-related markers. In conclusion, BCFM is considered to be a material with dual-acting efficacy that simultaneously targets the dermis and epidermis at the cellular level, and additional clinical studies such as human application tests for wrinkle improvement or transdermal moisture loss measurement will be needed to verify its potential in the actual cosmetics industry in the future.
Key Words
colostrum, cosmetic ingredient, anti-wrinkle, moisturization, skin barrier
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Effect of Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. Leaf Extract Fractions on Collagenase and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity 기린초 잎 추출 분획물의 콜라게네이즈 및 타이로시네이즈 저해활성 효과
김예린 Yerin Kim , 김자영 Jayoung Kim , 김보라 Bora Kim
52(1) 37-45, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.37
김예린 Yerin Kim , 김자영 Jayoung Kim , 김보라 Bora Kim
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.37
Abstract
In this study, the biological activities of fractions obtained from Sedum kamtschaticum (S. kamtschaticum) Fisch. leaf were investigated to evaluate their potential as natural functional cosmetic ingredients. Among the fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. kamtschaticum leaf (SLE) exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and the highest total polyphenol content. SLE showed excellent tyrosinase inhibitory effect, and reduced melanin synthesis of B16F10 melanoma cells. In addition, SLE significantly inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and collagenase activity as anti-aging marker. In particular, SLE had antibacterial effect against Malassezia furfur and Cutibacterium acnes, showing the possibility of improving dandruff and acne skin and using alternative preservative. According to HPLC, gallic acid and it’s derivatives were detected in high levels. These results show that S. kamtschaticum leaf SLE can be used as a natural cosmeceutical material with anti-oxidant, collagenase inhibitory activity, tyrosinase inhibitiory activity and anti-microbial activity.
Key Words
Sedum kamtschaticum leaf, melanin, anti-aging, anti-microbial activity, gallic acid
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Stabilization of Aqueous Salicylic Acid Solutions Utilizing Ionization and Cosolvent Effects 이온화 및 공용매 효과를 활용한 살리실산 수용액의 안정화
한영은 Young Eun Han , 김자이 Ja Lee Kim , 박상준 Sang Jun Park , 이정미 Jeong Mi Lee , 김진영 Jin Young Kim , 홍인기 In Ki Hong , 김진모 Jin Mo Kim , 한상근 Sang Keun Han
52(1) 47-54, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.47
한영은 Young Eun Han , 김자이 Ja Lee Kim , 박상준 Sang Jun Park , 이정미 Jeong Mi Lee , 김진영 Jin Young Kim , 홍인기 In Ki Hong , 김진모 Jin Mo Kim , 한상근 Sang Keun Han
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.47
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to treat acne and exfoliate dead skin cells, but ensuring its stability is challenging due to its low water solubility and tendency to crystallize. In this study, we evaluated the physical stability of SA aqueous solutions by applying various pH adjusters (e.g., TEA, arginine) and polyols (e.g., DPG, TPG). The results demonstrated that the pH and precipitation stability of SA were significantly influenced by the type and concentration of pH adjusters. Furthermore, the addition of polyols delayed crystallization through a cosolvent effect, and the structural characteristics of polyols, such as effective chain length and hydroxyl group distribution, played a critical role in stabilization. These findings suggest the potential for stabilizing high-concentration SA formulations and provide valuable insights for the design of cosmetic formulations.
Key Words
salicylic acid, polyol, ionization, cosolvency, hydrotrope
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In Vitro Study on the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Skin Aging-Related Activities of Amaranth Extract 아마란스 추출물의 항산화, 항염증 및 피부 노화 관련 활성에 대한 In Vitro 연구
이초연 Choyeon Lee , 김은영 Eun Yeong Kim , 샤흐로혼쿠드라토바 Shakhlokhon Kudratova , 이지혜 Jihye Lee
52(1) 55-64, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.55
이초연 Choyeon Lee , 김은영 Eun Yeong Kim , 샤흐로혼쿠드라토바 Shakhlokhon Kudratova , 이지혜 Jihye Lee
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.55
Abstract
The skin, as the outermost organ of the human body, is continuously exposed to oxidative stress, which promotes inflammation and accelerates skin aging. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin aging-related activities of aerial part extracts from amaranth cultivated in Uzbekistan using in vitro models. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production and analyzing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the inhibitory activities against elastase and collagenase, key enzymes associated with skin aging, were evaluated. The results showed that the amaranth extract exhibited concentration-dependent radical scavenging activities in both DPPH and ABTS assays. Furthermore, it significantly reduced LPS-induced NO production and suppressed iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cell. Elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities also showed concentration-dependent trends, although their effects were relatively weak compared with the positive control. These results suggest that the aerial parts extract of Uzbek amaranth exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, demonstrates limited inhibitory activity against enzymes associated with skin aging, and has potential for use as an ingredient in functional cosmetics.
Key Words
amaranth, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, skin aging
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Study on the Antioxidant Activity and Regulatory Effects on Photoaging-Related Molecular Markers of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Crataegus pinnatifida Fruit 산사나무 열매 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 항산화 활성 및 광노화 분자 지표에 대한 조절 효과에 관한 연구
양현순 Hyeon Sun Yang , 장준환 Jun-hwan Jang , 문소현 Sohyon Moon , 김나리 Nari Kim , 이지연 Ji Yeon Lee , 김지희 Ji Hui Kim , 황방연 Bang Yeon Hwang , Mediana Hadiwidjaja , 배준태 Jun-tae Bae
52(1) 65-75, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.65
양현순 Hyeon Sun Yang , 장준환 Jun-hwan Jang , 문소현 Sohyon Moon , 김나리 Nari Kim , 이지연 Ji Yeon Lee , 김지희 Ji Hui Kim , 황방연 Bang Yeon Hwang , Mediana Hadiwidjaja , 배준태 Jun-tae Bae
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.65
Abstract
In this study, the fruit extract of Crataegus pinnatifida (C. pinnatifida) was fractionated with ethyl acetate to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction of C. pinnatifida fruit (EAFC). The content of the marker compound, hyperoside, was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and was determined to be 0.70%. According to the EAFC bioactivity assessment, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 64.17% at 100 μg/mL, and MMP-1 mRNA was inhibited by 99.63%. In addition, treatment with EAFC at 100 μg/mL increased COL1A1 mRNA expression by 2.27-fold. The marker compound hyperoside reduced MMP-1 mRNA expression by 59.56% at 10 μg/mL and at 20 μg/mL, it increased COL1A1 mRNA expression by 2.08-fold and decreased MMP-1 protein expression by 33.30%. These results suggest that EAFC has potential as a natural-origin functional cosmetic ingredient capable of regulating molecular markers associated with UV-B-induced photoaging, in addition to its antioxidant activity.
Key Words
Crataegus pinnatifida fruit, hyperoside, anti-oxidant, photoaging, MMP-1 inhibition
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Skin-Protective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Eclipta prostrata: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Aging Activities 한련초 에탄올 추출물의 피부 보호 효과: 항산화, 항염증 및 노화 완화 활성 평가
김은영 Eun Yeong Kim , 이지혜 Jihye Lee , 당예산 Yishan Tang , 신형민 Hyeong Min Shin , 유향전 Liu Xiang Qian , 정지욱 Ji Wook Jung
52(1) 77-88, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.77
김은영 Eun Yeong Kim , 이지혜 Jihye Lee , 당예산 Yishan Tang , 신형민 Hyeong Min Shin , 유향전 Liu Xiang Qian , 정지욱 Ji Wook Jung
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.77
Abstract
This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory activities of a 70% ethanol ultrasonic extract of Eclipta prostrata (E. prostrata) to determine its potential as a natural anti-aging cosmetic ingredient. The extract showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays and reducing power. ABTS scavenging activity exceeded 85% at 100 μg/mL. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 118.31 ± 26.01 mg TAE/g and 162.59 ± 12.39 mg QE/g, respectively. Elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities were 55% or more and close to about 100% at 2000 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, NO production and iNOS and COX-2 expression were suppressed without cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells, and IL-6 production increased with LPS was also reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, the E. prostrata extract is highly likely to be used as a functional cosmetic material for preventing skin aging.
Key Words
Eclipta prostrata, antioxidant activity, anti-aging effect, anti-inflammatory activity, skin protection
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Quantification of EEG-Based Olfactory Stimulus Responses and Objective Evaluation of Odor-Induced Emotional Changes EEG 기반 후각 자극 반응의 정량화 및 향 유발 정서 변화의 객관적 평가 방법
최기원 Ki Won Choi , 윤성원 Seong Won Yoon , 문제일 Cheil Moon
52(1) 89-100, 2026
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.89
최기원 Ki Won Choi , 윤성원 Seong Won Yoon , 문제일 Cheil Moon
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2026.52.1.89
Abstract
Olfactory stimulation has attracted attention as a sensory-based approach for emotional regulation; however, its effects have largely been evaluated using self-report questionnaires. In this study, a lavender-centered blended odor (AS) and a chypre-centered blended odor (ST) were developed, and odor-induced emotional changes and neurophysiological responses were quantitatively assessed by combining the odor characteristic survey, the geneva emotion and odor scale (GEOS), and electroencephalography (EEG) frequency analysis. The results showed that the lavender-centered AS odor increased happiness, relaxation, and sensory pleasure, accompanied by increased activity in the alpha and theta frequency bands, reflecting a relaxation-oriented response. In contrast, the chypre-centered ST odor enhanced happiness and vigor, and exhibited increased beta activity and decreased theta activity, indicating responses associated with arousal and attentional modulation. This study presented an objective evaluation system combining surveys and EEG, thereby providing scientific validation of the emotional regulation effects of fragrances and establishing a scientific basis for the development of functional fragrance products.
Key Words
electroencephalography, olfaction, emotion, fast fourier transform, aromatherapy
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