Anti-aging Effects of Ethylhexanamide Serinol Through the Enhancement of Autophagy 에틸헥산아마이드세린올의 자가포식 작용 촉진에 의한 항노화 효능
최은비 Eun Bi Choi , 정유라 Yu Ra Jung , 박묘현 Myo Hyeon Park , 신혜성 Hye Seong Shin , 박부만 Bu-mahn Park , 황정환 Jeonghwan Hwang , 박미영 Miyoung Park
51(2) 107-114, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.107
최은비 Eun Bi Choi , 정유라 Yu Ra Jung , 박묘현 Myo Hyeon Park , 신혜성 Hye Seong Shin , 박부만 Bu-mahn Park , 황정환 Jeonghwan Hwang , 박미영 Miyoung Park
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.107
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the body, covering the entire surface of the body and it protects the body from ultraviolet rays and various harmful substances, and acts as a barrier to prevent moisture loss. Aged skin is characterized by wrinkles, reduced elasticity, and pigmentation, which result from structural changes in skin tissue. Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradation pathway, facilitates the removal of damaged organelles and proteins, thereby regulating cellular homeostasis, the aging process, and the functions of keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and melanocytes under stress conditions. Moreover, the enhancement of autophagy has been reported to maintain skin cell homeostasis and mitigate skin aging. In this study, we demonstrated that Dualguard-9TM (INCI name: Ethylhexanamide Serinol, DG-9) enhances autophagy, leading to the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production and the promotion of collagen synthesis in a UVB-irradiated artificial human skin model (EpiDermFTTM). Furthermore, DG-9 treatment was found to increase the expression of LC3B, a key autophagosome marker, while attenuating inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that DG-9 holds potential as an active ingredient for preventing skin aging by stimulating autophagic activity in UV-damaged skin.
Key Words
autophagy, skin aging, uv radiation, anti-inflammation, collagen
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Investigation of the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-aging Properties of Ethylhexylamide Serineol via Inhibition of Skin Glycation 에틸헥산아마이드세린올의 피부 당화 억제에 의한 항염 및 항노화 효능 연구
최은비 Eun Bi Choi , 정유라 Yu Ra Jung , 박묘현 Myo Hyeon Park , 박부만 Bu-mahn Park , 황정환 Jeonghwan Hwang , 박미영 Miyoung Park
51(2) 115-123, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.115
최은비 Eun Bi Choi , 정유라 Yu Ra Jung , 박묘현 Myo Hyeon Park , 박부만 Bu-mahn Park , 황정환 Jeonghwan Hwang , 박미영 Miyoung Park
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.115
Abstract
Ethylhexanamide serinol (C₁₁H₂₃NO₃) is a functional cosmetic ingredient recognized for its anti-wrinkle efficacy. In this study, it was confirmed that the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was suppressed in human keratinocytes (NHEKs) and 3D artificial skin models (NativeSkin™) stimulated by glyoxal solutions. This effect was associated with the suppression of AGEs-RAGE signaling, leading to a significant reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, ethylhexanamide serinol decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and enhanced collagen synthesis. Collectively, these findings suggest that ethylhexanamide serinol alleviates glycation-induced stress in the skin and may serve as a promising anti-glycation cosmetic agent for the prevention of skin inflammation and aging.
Key Words
advanced glycation end products (AGEs), skin aging, anti-inflammation, RAGE, collagen
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Identification of Anti-melanogenesis Effects of Spirodela polyrhiza Extracts 부평초 추출물의 멜라닌 생성억제 효능 규명
차화준 Hwa Jun Cha
51(2) 125-132, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.125
차화준 Hwa Jun Cha
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.125
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the melanin production inhibitory effect of Spirodela polyrhiza (S. polyrhiza), a native herbal medicine ingredient in Korea, and to elucidate its mechanism. We analyzed the melanin production inhibitory effect by treating mouse-derived B16F10 melanin-forming cells with S. polyrhiza extracted with 70% ethanol. The results demonstrated that a 200 μg/mL concentration of S. polyrhiza extract inhibited melanin p roduction by 65.26%, which correlated with a concentration-dependent reduction in both the activity and expression of tyrosinase. Moreover, the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key transcription factor regulating tyrosinase, was also suppressed, suggesting that the anti-melanogenesis effect of the S. polyrhiza extract is mediated through the regulation of transcription factor activity. These findings highlight the potential of S. polyrhiza extract as an effective anti-melanogenesis agent and suggest its possible future application as a novel functional material for skin anti-melanogenesis. This study provides basic data on the possibility of inhibiting melanogenesis of S. polyrhiza and can be used as important basic data for evaluating the functionality of herbal ingredients.
Key Words
Spirodela polyrhiza, tyrosinase, melanin, anti-melanogenesis
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Antioxidant Activity and Melanin Production Promotion Effect of Vachellia collinsii Leaf Extract 쇠뿔 아카시아(Vachellia collinsii ) 잎 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 멜라닌 생성 촉진 효과
정형준 Hyeong Jun Jeong , 허창순 Chang Soon Huh
51(2) 133-142, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.133
정형준 Hyeong Jun Jeong , 허창순 Chang Soon Huh
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.133
Abstract
Skin aging, which is manifested as wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and telangiectasia, is mainly caused by oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thus, interest in natural antioxidants is increasing. Melanin, one of the skin protection factors, plays an important role in protecting the skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant activity and melanin synthesis promotion effect of the Vachellia collinsii (V. collinsii) methanol extracts (VCME) were evaluated. VCME showed antioxidant activity in the in vitro DPPH and·OH radical scavenging activity and reducing power assays. In addition, antioxidant activity was confirmed through the increase in MsrB3 protein expression using western blot. The MTT assay results showed low cytotoxicity, showing a cell viability of more than 80% at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. VCME significantly promoted melanin production in both normal B16F1 cells and H₂O₂-damaged cells. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of MITF increased by approximately 20% at a concentration of 1.25 μg/mL, and immunofluorescence analysis also confirmed that the expression of tyrosinase and MITF increased with VCME treatment. These results suggest that the V. collinsii leaf extract has the potential to be utilized as a dual-functional natural material as an antioxidant and a melanin synthesis promoter.
Key Words
anti-oxidation, melanogenesis, Vachellia collinsii, MITF, MsrB3
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In Human Skin Keratinocytes, UVB-induced Inflammatory Response Inhibition and Antioxidant Efficacy of Saikosaponin A 인간 피부 각질 세포에서 Saikosaponin A 의 UVB에 의해 유도된 염증 반응 억제 및 항산화 효능
박소은 Soeun Park , 이창석 Chang Seok Lee
51(2) 143-151, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.143
박소은 Soeun Park , 이창석 Chang Seok Lee
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.143
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a critically important factor that can cause inflammation and damage on the skin. Saikosaponin A (SSA) known to exhibit effects of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant is one of saikosaponin derived from Bupleurum falcatum L. However, the effect of SSA on skin has not been extensively studied. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the recovery effect of SSA on UV-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in skin cell. The gene and protein expression levels of TNF-α, RANTES, IL-6 on ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated keratinocyte was downregulated by SSA treatment. We confirmed the anti-inflammation effect of SSA by demonstrating its ability to reduce NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. Through DCF-DA assay and suppression of H₂O₂-induced cell death, we identified the anti-oxidant effect of SSA. In addition, we investigated the effect of proliferation and migration of SSA using proliferation and wound healing assay. In conclusion, SSA has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy in UV-irradiated skin cells and is believed to have cell protection effects by inducing proliferation and migration in an environment where cell survival is unfavorable, suggesting its potential as a candidate for UV-induced skin damage treatments.
Key Words
saikosaponin A (SSA), UVB-irradiation, keratinocyte, inflammation, oxidative stress
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Comparison of Regional Centella asiatica Extracts on Skin Physiological Activities and Study on the Potential of Madagascar Organic Centella asiatica as a Cosmetic Material 지역별 병풀 추출물의 피부 생리 활성 비교 및 마다가스카르 유기농 병풀의 화장품 소재 가능성 연구
김민웅 Min Woong Kim , 박지해 Ji Hae Park , 김윤기 Yun Gi Kim , 최우정 Woo Jung Choi , 서만철 Man Cheol Seo , 이재성 Jae Seong Lee , 나하나 Ha Na Na , 김동현 Dong Hyun Kim
51(2) 153-164, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.153
김민웅 Min Woong Kim , 박지해 Ji Hae Park , 김윤기 Yun Gi Kim , 최우정 Woo Jung Choi , 서만철 Man Cheol Seo , 이재성 Jae Seong Lee , 나하나 Ha Na Na , 김동현 Dong Hyun Kim
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.153
Abstract
Abstract: In this study, we compared and analyzed the various effects of skin constituent cells activities using Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) extracts of 7 regions including Madagascar (organic), Madagascar, Thailand, Malaysia, China, India (organic), Jeju and Indonesia. High quantities of madecassoside and TECA were observed and excellent anti-oxidant efficacy was confirmed through DPPH radical scavenging activity in Madagascar (organic) C. asiatica extract. Regional C. asiatica extracts significantly inhibited melanin production in melanocytes and the expression of TYR and TRP1, which are major factors involved in the melanin production process, showed the greatest inhibition in Madagascar (organic) and Jeju C. asiatica extracts, respectively. When regional C. asiatica extracts was treated in fibroblasts, the expression of COLlA1 significantly increased in Malaysia and Madagascar (organic) C. asiatica extract, while MMP-1 significantly decreased in Thailand C. asiatica extract. It was also confirmed that the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and COX-2, an inflammatory enzyme, was highly inhibited by Indonesia and Madagascar (organic) C. asiatica extracts, and IL-6, IL-8 showed a high reduction rate in Jeju and Madagascar (organic) C. asiatica extracts in keratinocytes. The expression of moisturizing factors HAS3, AQP3 and FLG was up-regulated by Madagascar (organic), Jeju and India (organic) C. asiatica extracts respectively. Additionally, we investigated the skin barrier function of regional C. asiatica extracts. Skin barrier factors including CLDN1, OCLN, and ZO-1 were expressed at high levels in Indonesia and Madagascar (organic) C. asiatica extracts. From the results, we have confirmed the various efficacy of C. asiaticas and the differences in efficacy of regional C. asiaticas, and it suggests that the Madagascar (organic) C. asiatica extracts can be used as cosmetic materials that can help with skin whitening, anti-aging, and skin barrier activation in addition to suppressing inflammation.
Key Words
Centella asiatica, Madagascar, organic, anti-aging, skin barrier
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Development and Evaluation of Biocompatible Anti-photoaging Cosmetic Materials Applicable to Dry Patch Systems Using Electrospinning Technology 전기방사법 기반 건식패치 개발이 가능한 광노화 억제 생체친화 화장품용 소재개발 및 효능 검증
김서영 Seo Young Kim , 황목찬 Mok Chan Hwang , 김광자 Kwang Ja Kim , 이승호 Seung Ho Lee
51(2) 165-174, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.165
김서영 Seo Young Kim , 황목찬 Mok Chan Hwang , 김광자 Kwang Ja Kim , 이승호 Seung Ho Lee
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.165
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a novel biocompatible cosmetic agent with anti-photoaging properties, suitable for incorporation into a dry patch formulation. To this end, we developed a biocompatible composite material containing niacinamide, collagen, and sodium hyaluronate, and evaluated its photodamage inhibitory efficacy. Treatment of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts with the composite at non-cytotoxic concentrations (25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL) significantly suppressed UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, it markedly restored the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1a (Mmp-1a) and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (Col1a1), both of which are closely associated with UV-induced wrinkle formation. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed that the composite material significantly inhibited the UVB-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (Il-6), interleukin-8 (Il-8), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (Mcp-3). To fabricate a dry patch incorporating the developed composite, optimal electrospinning conditions were established, resulting in a patch with a weight of 22.1 ± 10 g/m² and a thickness of 0.135 mm. Collectively, our findings suggest that the developed b io-friendly composite exhibits potent anti-photoaging activity and i s suitable for the development of dry patches via electrospinning. The electrospinning method for manufacturing dry patches using this technology is expected to be used as a platform technology not only for the development of functional cosmetic masks but also for the development of skin-related medical products in the future.
Key Words
anti-photoaging, ulravioltet B, electro-spinning method, dry-type patch
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Clinical Evaluation of Skin Rejuvenation Using a Radiofrequency/Ultrasound Composite Device 고주파·초음파 복합 디바이스의 피부 리주버네이션 임상 평가
홍성원 Seongwon Hong , 김유진 Youjin Kim , 장기영 Kiyoung Chang , 한서연 Seoyeon Han , 후이준 Huijun Leung , 이지선 Jee Sun Lee , 전소하 Soha Jeon , 조해 Hae Jo
51(2) 175-185, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.175
홍성원 Seongwon Hong , 김유진 Youjin Kim , 장기영 Kiyoung Chang , 한서연 Seoyeon Han , 후이준 Huijun Leung , 이지선 Jee Sun Lee , 전소하 Soha Jeon , 조해 Hae Jo
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.175
Abstract
The objective of two open-label, single-arm clinical studies was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a skincare device utilizing radiofrequency (RF) and ultrasound (US) technologies for facial rejuvenation in healthy Korean women aged 20 ~ 60 yrs. Based on optimized exposure durations determined via ex vivo collagen expression analysis, participants in study 1 (N = 23, mean age, 45 ± 11 yrs) and study 2 (N = 22, 51 ± 5 yrs) used the device for 4 weeks. Study 1 assessed changes in skin density and thickness, while study 2 additionally evaluated elasticity restoration and facial lifting in the cheek and jawline areas. No adverse events were reported in either study. After 4 week application, study 1 showed significant improvements in skin density (58.7%) and thickness (12.9%) (both p < 0.001). In study 2, significant improvements were observed in skin density (10.3%), elasticity restoration (54.1%), and facial lifting (3.3% for cheek and 0.4% for jawline length) (all p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the RF-US device safely enhances dermal structure and function, contributing to visible facial rejuvenation with high user satisfaction and no reported adverse events.
Key Words
radiofrequency, ultrasound, facial lifting, collagen expression, non-invasive skincare device
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Study on the Improvement of Solubility and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Cyperus rotundus Fractions Extracted Using Microbubbles and Visible Light Laser Irradiation 마이크로버블과 가시광선 레이저 조사를 통해 추출한 향부자 분획물의 용해도 개선 및 염증 완화에 관한 연구
정아름 Ah-reum Jung , 이지연 Ji Yeon Lee , 문소현 Sohyun Moon , 장준환 Jun-hwan Jang , 이재섭 Jae-soeb Lee , 한상배 Sang Bae Han , 배준태 Jun-tae Bae
51(2) 187-196, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.187
정아름 Ah-reum Jung , 이지연 Ji Yeon Lee , 문소현 Sohyun Moon , 장준환 Jun-hwan Jang , 이재섭 Jae-soeb Lee , 한상배 Sang Bae Han , 배준태 Jun-tae Bae
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.187
Abstract
In this study, Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus) extract was obtained by applying microbubble technology and visible light laser irradiation technology in parallel, and the purified major fraction from C. rotundus (MFFC) was dissolved in 30% (w/w) 1,3-butylene glycol. Differential laser irradiation was then applied to produce the microbubble laser fraction from C. rotundus (MBLF-CR), and further irradiation yielded the microbubble double laser fraction from C. rotundus (MBDLF-CR). The dispersion characteristics of each fraction were evaluated via zeta potential analysis, and the content of the marker compound α-cyperone was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects, freeze-dried culture filtrate of Enterobacter aerogenes J2K-739 (E. aerogenes J2K-739) was applied to RAW 264.7 macrophage cells to induce an inflammatory response. MBDLF-CR treatment significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2, in a dose-dependent manner. Through this study, we confirmed the potential of microbubble extraction and visible light laser technology, and found that the C. rotundus extract can be used as a natural cosmetic ingredient with anti-inflammatory properties.
Key Words
microbubble extraction, visible light irradiation, cyperus rotundus, alpha-cyperone, anti-inflammatory
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Comparative Study on the Skin-Improving Effects of Steamed Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum Rhizomes 증숙처리에 의한 산마늘 뿌리줄기의 피부 개선 효능 비교 연구
장소희 So Hee Jang , 하창우 Chang Woo Ha , 백하영 Ha Young Baek , 김성혁 Sung Hyeok Kim , 구현정 Hyun-jung Koo , 손은화 Eun-hwa Sohn
51(2) 197-206, 2025
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.197
장소희 So Hee Jang , 하창우 Chang Woo Ha , 백하영 Ha Young Baek , 김성혁 Sung Hyeok Kim , 구현정 Hyun-jung Koo , 손은화 Eun-hwa Sohn
DOI:10.15230/SCSK.2025.51.2.197
Abstract
In this study, we compared two heat treatment processes, hot air drying and steaming, to evaluate the efficacy and economic feasibility of developing wild garlic (Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum, AV) as a cosmetic ingredient. To compare the antioxidant and whitening effects of water extracts from AV treated by hot air drying (DAV) and steaming (SAV) water extracts were compared for their antioxidant and skin-whitening activities by measuring total flavonoid and phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibition. Additionally, anti-wrinkle efficacy was assessed through MMP-1 and elastase activity assays in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). The experimental results showed that the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content increased by 13% and 62%, respectively, in SAV, and the IC50 value of the DPPH scavenging rate was 0.98 mg/mL, demonstrating superior antioxidant effects compared to DAV. Additionally, in whitening efficacy experiments using L-tyrosine and L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrates, the IC50 values of SAV were 0.70 mg/mL and 1.38 mg/mL, respectively, showing higher inhibition rates than DAV. In terms of cell safety and MMP-1 and elastase activity in human dermal fibroblasts to confirm wrinkle improvement effects, both treatment groups showed similar levels of wrinkle improvement effects through the inhibition of MMP-1 and elastase activity, but SAV showed excellent cell safety without cytotoxicity up to 800 μg/mL compared to DAV. These results suggest that steaming enhances the total flavonoid and phenolic acid contents in AV and improves its antioxidant, whitening, and anti-wrinkle effects. Overall, this study highlights AV as a highly promising natural resource for functional cosmetics targeting wrinkle reduction and skin whitening. Furthermore, the steaming process is shown to enhance its bioactivity, ensure safety, and improve cost-effectiveness, suggesting that it can be a core processing technology for industrial application.
Key Words
antioxidant, antiwrinkle, allium victorialis var. platyphyllum, steaming process, whitening
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