박현철 Hyun-chul Park , 정택규 Taek Kyu Jung , 윤경섭 Kyung-sup Yoon

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Abstract

Cornus walteri Wanger has been used in folk medicine in Korea. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been known as a major cause of photo damage in skin. In the present study, research on how to cure damaged cells by UVB was conducted using an extract of Cornus walteri Wanger leaves (CWE), which was treated with an enzyme. CWE was applied to human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) affected by UVB. UVB-irradiated HS68 cells showed increased caspase-3 activity, phosphorylation of p53, γH2AX, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) formation, and DNA fragmentation compared with non-irradiated cells. However, all these effects were inhibited by treatment with CWE for 12 h after UVB irradiation. Furthermore, CWE has proved not to cause primary skin irritation through the human patch test. Collectively, these results suggest that CWE could be a new potential candidate as photoprotective agent against UVB-induced cellular damage in HDFs.

Key Words

Cornus walteri Wanger, UVB-irradiation, human dermal fibroblast, HDF, apoptosis, photoprotection

석진경 Jin Kyung Seok , 곽준엽 Jun Yup Kwak , 서형호 Hyeong Ho Seo , 서화진 Hwa Jin Suh , 부용출 Yong Chool Boo

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Abstract

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major cause of skin photoaging, and effective UV protecting agents are needed for the skin health and beauty. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of Bambusae caulis in Taeniam extract (BCTE) on UVB-induced cell death, oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression in cell-based assays. HaCaT human keratinocytes were exposed to UVB in the presence of BCTE at different concentrations and resulting changes in cell viability and biochemical events were determined. The results showed that BCTE enhanced the viabilities of UVB-exposed cells, and attenuated apoptotic events such as cleavage of procaspase 3 to its active form, and the increase of Bax to Bcl-2 ratios. BCTE also attenuated the reactive oxygen generation and lipid peroxidation in cells exposed to UVB. Additionally, it attenuated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase stimulated by UVB. Conclusively, the present study demonstrated that BCTE pro tected skin cells from the UVB-induced cell death, oxidative stress and MMP1 expression, suggesting its potential use as a cosmetic ingredient mitigating some features of the skin photoaging.

Key Words

UVB, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam, oxidative stress, apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinase 1, keratinocytes

김보윤 Bo Yun Kim , 박성하 Sung Ha Park , 박병준 Byoung Jun Park , 김진준 Jin Jun Kim

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify the whitening effect of Androsace umbellata extract. To discover the anti-pigmentation effective, we investigated Androsace umbellata extract on tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibition. As results, it reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin contents in B16F1 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner with decreased to about 32% at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. To reveal how it works in inner-cellular level, we performed Western blot method. We found out that it also inhibited the protein expression in tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) in melanocytes. Therefore, we successfully identified the whitening effect of Androsace umbellata extract, and this finding suggested that Androsace umbellata extract is a considerable potent cosmetics ingredient for whitening. Based on this, we anticipated further researches about Androsace umbellata extract for gene levels and additional mechanisms to develop not only for functional cosmetics but for medicines or healthcare food.

Key Words

Androsace umbellata, whitening, tyrosinase, melanin

이재열 Jae-yeul Lee , 김보미 Bo-mi Kim , 박세호 Se-ho Park , 최요한 Yo-han Choi , 심규동 Kyu-dong Shim , 문성배 Sung-bae Moon , 장의순 Eue-soon Jang , 양선아 Seun-ah Yang , 지광환 Kwang-hwan Jhee

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Abstract

Many applications of nanoparticles have been developed since 1970s. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect can be generated at the surface of nanoparticles by illumination. SPR is the resonant oscillation of conduction electrons at the surface material stimulated by incident light. The collisions between excited electrons and metal atoms can cause the production of thermal energy (photothermal effect). Here, we presented the development of thermo-cosmetics using photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were chosen for it’s low toxicity. We also and investigated the cell biocompatibility and heating effectiveness for photothermal effect of GNPs. Synthesized GNPs were verified by UV-vis spectrophotometer, where GNP has a characteristic absorbance spectrum. Concentration of GNP was measured by atomic absorption analyzer. The cytotoxicity was confirmed by MTT assay and double staining assay. Photothermal effect of GNP was demonstrated by the thermal increasing properties depending on GNP concentration, which was taken by an IR-thermal camera with a xenon lamp as the light source. If the thermal effect of GNP is applied for thermo-cosmetics, it can supply heat to skin by converting solar energy into thermal energy. Thus, cosmetics contain ing GNPs can provide benefits to people in the cold region or winter season for maintaining skin temperature, which lead to a positive effect on skin health.

Key Words

gold nanoparticle, surface plasmon resonance, photothermal effect, electron transfer, cytotoxicity

강정욱 Jung Wook Kang , 오정영 Jung Young Oh , 배준태 Jun Tae Bae , 김진화 Jin Hwa Kim , 이근수 Geun Soo Lee , 표형배 Hyeong Bae Pyo

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Abstract

Morinda officinalis (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal herb that has traditionally been used for the treatment of skin inflammation. The present study was to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) of the extracts of the root of M. officinalis, which was autoclaved at 132 ℃ and 1.2 kgf/㎠ for 15 min using an autoclave. The composition of the extracts were compared with that prepared without autoclaved treatment. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were analyzed for the autoclaved M. officinalis root extract (AME) and M. officinalis root extract (ME). Results showed that the autoclaved AME contained total phenol and flavonoid contents 1.5-fold times more than those from ME. AME showed DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities as 79.25% and 94.5%, respectively, at the concentration of 500 μg/mL. In anti-inflammatory assay, AME inhibited the activity of COX-2 and 5-LOX metabolites. In addition, AME showed higher an inhibition rate in MMP-1 expression than ME in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) without any significant cytotoxicity. UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by AME. In conclusion, autoclaving the M. officinalis root increased the phenol and flavonoid contents. The extracts of the autoclaved M. officinalis enhanced the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-MMP-1 effects. Thus, the extracts could be an useful active ingredient in cosmetics.

Key Words

Morinda officinalis, autoclaving, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aging

남진주 Jin-ju Nam , 김연준 Youn Joon Kim

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Abstract

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces both production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucocorticoids (GCs)-mediated stress responses such as an increase of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) activity in skin. In addition, ROS-induced inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines trigger skin inflammation. In this study, as 11β-HSD1 inhibitor recovered a decrease of catalase expression, we investigated whether Trapa japonica (TJ) extract and its fractions could inhibit 11β-HSD1/ROS-induced skin inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes. TJ extract and its fractions inhibited expressions of 11β-HSD1 as well as the increase of ROS in UVB-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-α, -β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) as inflammatory mediators were also inhibited in both mRNA and protein levels. Finally, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) produced by COX-2 was inhibited effectively by TJ extract and its fractions. Taken together, these results suggest that TJ extract could be a potential anti-inflammatory ingredient to inhibit UVB-induced inflammation in skin.

Key Words

Trapa japonica extract, reactive oxygen species, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, ultraviolet B, skin inflammation

조완구 Wan Goo Cho , 차영권 Young Kweon Cha

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Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effect on the increase of UV absorbance using a o/w nanoemulsion containing a blend of surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80), an organic sunscreen, and wax. The particle size of nanoemulsion produced by PIC (Phase Inversion Composition), in Tween 80/Span 80 system containing candelilla wax was below 50 nm. As the concentration of Tween 80/Span 80/candelilla wax/organic UV filter was fixed at 4.5/0.5/3.0/2.0 wt%, and various organic sunscreens were added to the system, stable nanoemulsion was produced by Parsol MCX and Escalol 587, respectively. In addition, in the same system, when the ratio of Parsol MCX and candelilla wax was less than 2.0, a stable nanoemulsion was obtained. UV absorbance showed a high synergistic effect when Parsol MCX was used with candelilla wax.

Key Words

nanoemulsion, organic UV filter, absorbance, PIC

현무열 Moo Yeol Hyun , 이용희 Yonghee Lee , 오원종 Won Jong Oh , 유광호 Kwang Ho Yoo , 박귀영 Kui Young Park , 김명남 Myeung Nam Kim , 홍창권 Chang Kwun Hong , 김범준 Beom Joon Kim

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Abstract

Moisturizers are the most prescribed products in dermatology. Treatment with moisturizers aims to maintain skin integrity and overall well-being by providing a healthy appearance. Moisturizers perform very important functions in baby care; however, there are few studies on the effects of moisturizers on the skin of infants. To investigate the effects of moisturizers on the skin of healthy full-term infants and toddlers, thirty-one healthy, full-term, 6- to 36-month-old infants and toddlers without any dermatologic conditions received moisturizer applied to the whole body except the eyes and diaper area after bathing twice daily for 4 weeks. Clinical assessments were conducted before treatment, immediately after the treatment period, and 1 and 4 weeks after treatment. At all visits, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, and skin roughness were measured, the skin surface was photographed, and any adverse events were recorded. After using moisturizer, skin hydration significantly increased and TEWL and roughness significantly decreased. The skin pH was modified to mildly acidic and the skin surface was visually smoother than before treatment. There were no statistical significant differences of effects of moisturizers according to age and sex, and adverse events were not observed. The results of moisturizer application on the skin were increased skin hydration, recovery of barrier function, balancing skin pH within a mildly acidic range, and increasing the smoothness of the skin surface for 4 weeks.

Key Words

baby, moisturizer, skin

이선영 Sun Young Lee , 최은진 Eun-jin Choi , 배동혁 Dong-hyuck Bae , 이동욱 Dong-wook Lee , 김선오 Sunoh Kim

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Abstract

Dendropanax morbifera Leveille (Araliaceae) is an endemic species growing in the south-western part of South Korea and has been used in folk medicine. However, the effects of Dendropanax morbifera Lev. on skin biology remain to be elucidated. In this study, we isolated 1-tetradecanol and β-sitosterol from the n-hexane fraction of Dendropanax mobifera Lev. and To investigate the whitening effect of the fraction, we tested the inhibition of tyrosinase activity of 1-tetradecanol. The results show that the inhibitory effect of the 1-tetradecanol was higher than water extract and n-hexane fraction. And 1-tetradecanol significantly reduced melanin contents of B16F10 cells compared to more than water extract and n-haxane fraction dose-dependantly without cell cytotoxicitiy (below 100 μg/mL). We also investigated the skin moisturizing effect using HR-1 hairless mice. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in the 1-tetradecanol treated group was significantly smaller than that in the other groups. To investigate the effect of the preventing hair loss by β-sitosterol, we observed HR-1 hairless mice through periodic growth feature. The results suggest that hair loss of mice by β-sitosterol was delayed and it’s hair density showed the highest. These data provide evidence that Dendropanax morbifera Lev. may be a potent candidate for the improvement of both skin whitening, moisturizing and alopecia from the point of cosmetic industry view.

Key Words

Dendropanax morbifera Leveille, 1-tetradecanol, β-sitosterol, whitening effect, moisturizing effect, hair loss

김미진 Mi Jin Kim , 정택규 Taek Kyu Jung , 윤경섭 Kyung-sup Yoon

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Abstract

Forsythia fructus has been shown to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-aging and whitening effects. This work was carried out to investigate the anti-aging effects of Forsythia viridissima-prescription extracts (Yeongyoseungma-tang, Gamiyeongyoseungma-tang, Hoechunyangkyeok-san) on skin. Skin anti-aging effect of Forsythia viridissima-prescription extracts (Yeongyoseungma-tang, Gamiyeongyoseungma-tang, Hoechunyangkyeok-san) was evaluated by using antioxidant assay, anti-glycation activity, inhibitory effect of tyrosinase activity, expression of type I procollagen and UVA-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 on HS68 cells, and reduction of α-MSH-induced melanin on B16F1 cells. Forsythia viridissima-prescription extracts showed anti-oxidative and anti-glycation activity. The pectinex hydrolysed extract from Yeongyoseungma-tang 75% EtOH extract and Gamiyeongyoseungma-tang 75% EtOH extract increased the type I procollagen synthesis, and decreased the UVA-induced MMP-1 expression on HS68 cells. The pectinex hydrolysed extracts of Hoechunyangkyeok-san 75% EtOH extract had the inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis on B16F1 cells. Based on these results, we suggest that Forsythia viridissima-prescription extracts may be useful as a potential source of functional anti-aging cosmetics.

Key Words

Forsythia viridissima-prescription extracts, type I procollagen, MMP-1, melanin, anti-aging