김도훈 Do-hoon Kim , 오성근 Seong-geun Oh

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Abstract

This study described formation and dispersion of stable lamellar structure containing ceramide. To characterize of the lamellar structure containing ceramide, we used differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, and FT-IR spectra, which enabled us to demonstrate that ceramide with appropriate amounts of lipid, oil and surfactant can assemble to form a stable lamellar-phase. These approaches to use ceramide offers useful means to fabricate a variety of biocompatible emulsion and liposome, which enlarge their applicability in the fields of drug delivery, dermatology and cosmetics.

Key Words

ceramide, lipid, drug delivery, cosmetic, lamellar

원보령 Bo Ryoung Won , 박수남 Soo Nam Park

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol on the emulsion prepared by poly(oxyethylene) hydrogenated castor oils (HCOs)/oil/ethanol/water system. Emulsions were prepared using homogenizer as high-energy method. To evaluate effect of ethanol on the emulsion, physical properties such as droplet size and size distribution were determined and other components were almost fixed to analyze the effect of ethanol on the surfactant. In case of HCO-20, the droplet diameter was in micrometers and the droplet size was gradually deceased as the ethanol concentration was increased. The droplet diameter of nano-emulsion containing 4.00 % of HCO-30 was shown in nanometers and its mean droplet size was 128.15 ± 1.06 nm and the most stable at the 4.25 % of ethanol contents by the Form. 1 and 136.10 ± 0.99 nm at the 3.50 % of ethanol contents by the Form. 2. Similarly, the droplet diameter of nano-emulsion containing 4.00 % of HCO-40 and 4.50 % ethanol by the Form. 1 was 115.85 ± 0.78 nm and 121.15 ± 0.35 nm at the 3.25 % of ethanol by the Form. 2 and both size distributions were also narrow. Finally, the droplet size of nano-emulsion containing 4.00 % of HCO-60 and 2.25 % ethanol was 262.35 ± 0.64 nm and the most stable. The higher ethanol concentrations became the smaller size of emulsion became in the microscale emulsion but we determined nano-emulsion had a minimum size at a certain ethanol concentration. The results showed that the breakdown process of this nano-emulsion could be attributed to Ostwald ripening. This study about effect of ethanol on the emulsion showed that ethanol contents to prepare a stable emulsion could be determined as studying the effect of ethanol on the emulsion with the type of surfactants.

Key Words

nano-emulsion, high energy method, poly(oxyethylene) hydrogenated castor oils (HCOs), size distribution, Ostwald ripening

조완구 Wan Goo Cho , 박지은 Jee Eun Park , 박문억 Mun Euek Park , 이상민 Sang Min Lee

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Abstract

This study was done to assess an alternative method as a replacement of in vivo phototoxicity test. The human fibroblasts were exposed to several phototoxic chemicals (promethazine, chlorpromazine chlortetracycline, 8-methoxypsoralen, neutral red, bithionol) and non-phototoxic materials (cinnamic aldehyde, p-aminobenzoic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, L-cysteine). The cell viability was measured by neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. The results of the NRU phototoxicity (PT) assay showed a close agreement with in vivo test except bithionol. We also have tested the cosmetic ingredients including Medimin^Ⓡ A, Medimin^Ⓡ D, LG^Ⓡ 106W, Phytoclear^Ⓡ EL-1, Carex humilis L. extract, Canna indica L. extract, Salvia miltiorrhira Bunge extract, Parsol^Ⓡ MCX and Parsol^Ⓡ 1789. Most materials except Salvia miltiorrhira Bunge extract did not show any phototoxicity.

Key Words

phototoxicity, neutral red uptake, cell viability, fibroblast, cosmetic

김동현 Dong Hyun Kim , 박준성 Jun Seong Park , 박녹현 Nok Hyun Park , 문은정 Eun Jeong Moon , 유선혜 Sun Hye Yu , 김덕희 Duck Hee Kim , 김한곤 Han Kon Kim

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Abstract

Doenjang (Korean fermented soybean paste) is a unique fermented food in Korea. It has been traditionally manufactured from soybeans, by Jang Yang process. We focused on the newly formed compound in highly aged Doenjang and its biological activity. One new o-dihydroxyisoflavone, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone and two known o-dihydroxyisoflavone derivatives were isolated from 5-year-old Doenjang and evaluated as potent antioxidant and whitening effect by comparing with other known isoflavone. 7,8,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 1), 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 2) and 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 3) inhibited DPPH (diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl) formation by 50 % at a concentration of 21.5 ± 0.2, 28.7 ± 0.4 and 32.6 ± 0.6 (IC₅₀) respectively, whereas daidzein showed weak DPPH radical scavenging activity. In superoxide scavenging effect were measured in one assay. Compound 1 (IC₅₀ = 18.10 ± 0.2 μM) and 2 (IC50 = 10.54 ± 0.4 μM) show significant inhibitory activity and greater effect than L-ascorbic acid. But compound 3 and daidzein showed lower inhibition activity. Also, o-dihydroxyisoflavone derivatives evaluated as potent inhibitors on tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in melan-a cells. Compound 1 (IC₅₀ = 11.21 ± 0.2 μM), compound 2 (IC₅₀ = 5.23 ± 0.6 μM) exhibited significant inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, those compounds are significantly suppressed the cellular melanin formation by 50 % at a concentration of 12.23 ± 0.7 μM (1) and 7.83 ± 0.7 μM (2). This result suggests that 7,3',4'- trihydroxyisoflavone from highly aged Doenjang could be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.

Key Words

김은희 Eun Hee Kim , 김정은 Jung Eun Kim , 김규희 Kyu Hee Kim , 나의연 Eui Yeon Na , 이상기 Sang Ki Lee , 정현민 Hyun Min Jeong , 이현준 Hyun Jun Lee , 박수남 Soo Nam Park

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Abstract

In this study, the antibacterial activity, antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase of Inula britannica flower extracts were investigated. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction from Inula britannica flower on P. acnes 0.25 %, respectively. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest in the P. acnes. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities (FSC₅₀) of ethyl acetate fraction of Inula britannica flower was 8.55 μg/mL. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) of some fInula britannica flower extracts on ROS generated in Fe³⁺- EDTA/H₂O₂ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activities were ethyl acetate fraction 0.24 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Inula britannica flower on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Inula britannica flower extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner (5 ∼ 100 μg/mL), particularly deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect (τ₅₀, 164.15 min at 25 μg/mL). The inhibitory effect of Inula britannica flower extracts on tyrosinase was investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Inhibitory effects (IC₅₀) on tyrosinase of some Inula britannica flower extracts were high. Ethyl acetate fraction has IC₅₀ of 87.03 μg/mL. These results indicate that extract/ fractions of Inula britannica flower can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ¹O₂ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of the ethyl acetate fraction and high potential as bactericide against the skin pathogenic bacteria could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant, antiaging, antibacterial activity.

Key Words

Inula britannica flower, antibacterial activity, reactive oxygen species, antioxidative activity, cosmetics

노석선 Seok Sun Roh , 윤우식 Woo Sik Yun , 정지영 Ji Young Jung , 유형욱 Hyung Uk Yu , 황동성 Dong Sung Hwang , 최승만 Seung Man Choi , 이정래 Jeong Rae Lee , 강상진 Sang Jin Kang , 장석윤 Sug Youn Chang

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Abstract

This study was performed to evaluate a deodorant body wash with 1.0 wt% of triclosan and 0.4 wt% of bamboo salt, which have an inhibitory effect on axillary malodor. In this studies, in vitro antibacterial study and the clinical study, which was designed by randomized assignment, double-blind and cross-over, were performed. In the antibacterial study, test sample, which was body wash having 1.0 wt% of triclosan and 0.4 wt% of bamboo salt, have a potent antibacterial effect on Corynebacterium glutamicum, Corynebacterium xerosis, Corynebacterium jeikeium. In the clinical study, test sample has a potent and significant deodorizing effect on axillary malodor and an antibacterial efficacy. And its efficacy was maintained for 9 h at least. There was no side effect during the period of clinical study. Consequently, body wash, containing 1.0 wt% of triclosan and 0.4 wt% of bamboo salt, has the effectiveness and the safety about axillary malodor reduction.

Key Words

triclosan, bamboo salt, axillary, malodor, reduction

문병식 Byung Sik Moon , 이갑득 Kap Duk Lee

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Abstract

20 species of plants were extracted with Methanol and were investigated for DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTs free radical scavenging activity to quest anti-oxidation ability depending on the proton beam irra-diation quantity. In the proton beam irradiation, 15 species's activities increased but among them, Pharbities nil Choisy decreased at 10 KGray and 4 species' activity didn't change at all. In hydrogen ion radical elimination activity, Ulmus macrocarpa (84 %) showed the highest and Pharbitis nil Choisy showed 6 % decreasing at more than 1 KGray. By comparison with untreated IC50 value, the beam-treated IC50 value increased 6.3 times for Dioscorea bata-tas Decne. at 1 KGray, 2.1 times for Trichosanthes kirilowii Max., and 2.8 times for Dioscorea batatas Decne. at 5 KGray. In ABTs free radical elimination activity, the activity increased 60 % for Terminalia chebula Retzius com-pared with untreated one. Besides, the beam-treated IC50 value increased 2 times for Gray Ephedra sinica Stapf, 2.5 times for Terminalia chebula Retz. and 2.4 times for Arctium lappa Linne at 1 KGray.

Key Words

antioxidant, proton beam irradiation, DPPH, ABTS, scavenging activity

안유진 You Jin Ahn , 김선영 Sun Young Kim , 옥주형 Ju Hyung Ok , 왕현 Hyun Wang , 박창화 Chang Hwa Park , 김성호 Sung Ho Kim , 허윤석 Yun Suk Heo , 전영희 Young Hee Jeon , 박수남 Soo Nam Park

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Abstract

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, elastase of Persicaria perfoliata extracts were investigated. The deglycosylated fraction of extract (12.38 μg/mL) showed the most prominent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC₅₀). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) of P. perfoliata extracts on ROS generated in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of extract (0.35 μg/mL) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of P. perfoliata extract/fractions on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The P. perfoliata extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner (1 ~ 50 μg/mL) except the deglycosylated fraction of extract. The inhibitory effect of P. perfoliata extracts on tyrosinase was investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Inhibitory effects (IC₅₀) on tyrosinase were determined with ethyl acetate fraction of P. perfoliata extract (136.00 μg/mL) and deglycosylated fraction of extract (68.10 μg/mL). Finally, their anti-elastase activities were measured to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy in the human skin. Inhibitory effects (IC₅₀) on elastase were determined with ethyl acetate fraction of P. perfoliata extract (67.20 μg/mL) and deglycosylated fraction of extract (43.50 μg/mL). These results indicate that extract/fractions of P. perfoliata can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ¹O₂ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Extract/fractions of P. perfoliata can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant, antiaging.

Key Words

Persicaria perfoliata, antioxidative activity, antiaging activity, cosmetics, reactive oxygen species

이응지 Eung-ji Lee , 배성윤 Seong Yun Bae , 손락호 Rak Ho Son , 이용화 Yong Hwa Lee

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Abstract

To develop a new natural whitening agent for cosmetics, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Poria cocos Bark extracts (PCBE) and its active compound on melanogenesis. PCBE showed ROS scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the IC₅₀ values of 19.4 ± 2.21 μg/mL and IC₅₀ = 103 ± 3.33 μg/mL, respectively. PCBE reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 34 % at concentration of 50 μg/mL. And PCBE reduced melanin contents of B16 melanoma cells about 51 % at concentration of 50 μg/mL without cell cytotoxicity (below 100 μg/mL). We purified one active compound from PCBE and identified its structure. It was identified as 3-β-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid, triterpene family, by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass analysis. 3-β-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid showed ROS scavenging activities in DPPH radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the IC₅₀ values of 4.3 ± 0.15 μg/mL and 54 ± 1.67 μg/mL, respectively. Also, it was shown that 3-β-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 43 % at concentration of 10 μg/mL. And it inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose dependent manner (IC₅₀ = 3.6 μg/mL) without cell cytotoxicity (below 100 μg/mL). 3-β-hydroxylanosta- 7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 expression at protein level. These results suggest that PCBE and 3-β-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid reduced melanin formation by the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that PCBE could be used as a useful whitening agent.

Key Words

melanogenesis, Poria cocos Bark, whitening, 3-β-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid, tyrosinase

문미연 Mi Youn Moon , 백종석 Jong Seok Baik , 김상숙 Sang Suk Kim , 장원정 Won Jung Jang , 김미선 Mi Sun Kim , 이남호 Nam Ho Lee

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Abstract

Investigation of antioxidative constituents from the ethanol extract of Quercus gilva branches led to the identification of four compounds; catechin (1), epi-catechin (2), tyrosol (3) and tiliroside (4). The antioxidative activity was examined using DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging method. The isolated compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 exhibited 94.2 %, 93.4 %, 33.6 % and 11.2 % scavenging activities respectively against DPPH radicals at the concentration of 100 μL/mL. As well, the compounds 1 ∼ 4 showed respectively 60.2 %, 35.1 %, 20.6 %, 4.5 % inhibition activities against superoxide anion radicals at 200 μL/mL. Interestingly, the compounds 1 ∼ 4 were isolated for the first time from Quercus gilva Blume.

Key Words

quercus gilva, DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, catechin, tyrosol