한문숙 Moon-suk Han , 이용근 Yong-geun Lee , 이영호 Young-ho Lee , 김대욱 Dae-wook Kim , 오성근 Seong-geun Oh

DOI:

Abstract

In this study, the photocatalysed degradation of safranin-O was investigated using Au colloids. Au metal nanoparticle wasused to eliminate safranin-O fast in solution. Au nanoparticles were prepared reduction method using Na₂CO₃ and PVP in aqueous solution. The degradation of safranin-O was examined using a variety of condition such as concentration of Au colloid or Au salt, reaction pH, and reaction time in the presence of UV light and H₂O₂. As the concentration of Au colloid increases, the rate of dye degradation increases. The photo-oxidation of the safranin-O was monitored spectrophotometrically. The properties of Au nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. In addition, catalytic capacities of Au nanoparticles were also determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Key Words

Au nanoparticle, dye, degradation, safranin-O, UV-Vis spectroscopy

김진영 Jin Young Kim , 박수남 Soo Nam Park

DOI:

Abstract

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase and components of Fagopyrum esculetum extracts were investigated. Fagopyrum esculetum used for this study is hulls and dehulled seeds. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activities (FSC₅₀) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) of extract/fractions from Fagopyrum esculetum were measured. The aglycone (3.5 ± 0.0 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate fractions (0.2 ± 0.1 μg/mL) of hulls showed the most effective scavenging activities. The protective effects on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most prominent cellular protective effect (τ₅₀, 771.7 ± 9.9 min at 10 μg/mL). The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction of hull and dehulled seeds on tyrosinase were examined (53.6 ± 0.5 μg/mL, 35.6 ± 0.4 μg/mL, respectively). And The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction of hull and dehulled seeds on elastase were investigated (3.7 ± 0.4 μg/mL and 6.0 ± 0.7 μg/mL respectively). But 50 % ethanol extract rarely exhibited the inhibitory activity on tyrosinase and elastase. (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were contained in ethyl acetate fraction of dehulled seeds. And ethyl acetate fraction of hull contains flavonoids of hyperin, quercetin, rutin and so on. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Fagopyrum esculentum can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ¹O₂ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Fagopyrum esculentum extract could be used as a new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

Key Words

Fagopyrum esculentum, flavonoids, antioxidant, photohemolysis, cosmetics

김정기 Jeong Kee Kim , 신현정 Hyun Jung Shin , 이상민 Sang Min Lee , 전희영 Hee Young Jeon , 이상준 Sang Jun Lee , 이병곤 Byeong Gon Lee

DOI:

Abstract

Until now, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is known as the most powerful antioxidant among green tea catechins having many beneficial effects on human skin. Considering that the content of catechins is variable according to many conditions such as solvent, temperature and pressure, we prepared the heat-epimerized-EGCG-mixture (HE-EGCG-mix) containing high content of gallocatechin-3-gallate (GCG) by epimerization during autoclaving process and found out its optimal condition for maximizing conversion from EGCG to GCG. To investigate the effects of EGCG and HE-EGCG-mix on skin barrier function, we performed in vivo experiments with hairless mice. We found that HE-EGCG-mix has more potent stimulating activity than EGCG for the production of involucrin 7 (INV7) and for recovery of barrier function in SKH-1 mice. Also, we found that GCG stimulates PPAR-α transactivation more effectively than EGCG in vitro by transient transfection assay for PPAR-α activation activity. These imply that HE-EGCG-mix consisting of high content of GCG should stimulate more efficiently recovery of skin barrier through PPAR-mediated-kerationocyte differentiation than EGCG. In conclusion, our study may provide a possibility that GCG, the C-2 epimer of EGCG, could be a potentially effective agent for development of new cosmetics or health foods for recovery of skin barrier.

Key Words

epimerization, gallocatechin-3-gallate, involucrin, skin barrier function, PPAR-α

박선희 Sun Hee Park , 이방용 Bang Yong Lee , 한창성 Chang Sung Han , 김진국 Jin Guk Kim , 김경태 Kyoung Tae Kim , 김기호 Ki Ho Kim , 김영희 Young Heui Kim

DOI:

Abstract

In order to investigate the potential of a Angelica keiskei Koidzumi extract and its fractions as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics, we prepared Angelica keiskei Koidzumi extract (70% ethanol), and the aqueous suspension was successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), and n-butanol fraction. We measured their inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells and normal human kerationocytes in vitro. They did not show inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and the melanin synthesis except hexane and EA fractions. Hexane and EA fractions markedly inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity at a lower concentration (25 and 5 μg/mL, respectively) than arbutin (250 μg/mL). We also quantified the released amount of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a mitogen of melanocyte, and interleukin-1α (IL-1α), a mediator of UVB-induced inflammation. Hexane and EA fractions did not affect IL-1α production, but they decreased UVB-induced ET-1 production in normal human keratinocytes in a dose dependant manner. As a result, hexane and EA fractions could inhibit the melanogenesis through the inhibition of UVB-induced ET-1 production in normal human keratinocytes. This result suggests that hexane and EA fractions of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi extract could be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.

Key Words

Angelica keiskei Koidzumi, melanogenesis, endothelin-1, interleukin-1α, tyrosinase

김상진 Sang-jin Kim , 김세곤 Se-gon Kim , 성낙도 Nack-do Sung

DOI:

Abstract

The comparative molecular field analyses (CoMFA) models between the substituents with changing groups (R₁∼R₄) of 3β-hydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid derivatives as substrate molecule and their inhibitory activities (pI₅₀) against protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B were derived and discussed quantitatively. The optimized CoMFA F1 model have best predictability and fitness (r²_cv.=0.654 and r²_ncv.=0.995). The order of contribution ratio (%) with CoMFA fields on the inhibitory activities was a steric field (53.0 %), electrostatic field (36.2 %) and hydrophobic field (10.8 %). From the analytical results of CoMFA contour maps, the inhibitory activities were dependent on the R4 group in substrate molecules. Particularly, the new active compounds (P1 & P2) with the inhibitory activity against melanin synthesis were expected.

Key Words

oleanolic acid, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B, CoMFA, melanin, PLS

양희정 Hee Jung Yang , 김은희 Eun Hee Kim , 박수남 Soo Nam Park

DOI:

Abstract

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on elastase, and components of Cayratia japonica extracts were investigated. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities (FSC₅₀) of extract/fractions of Cayratia japonica were in the order: 50 % ethanol extract (114.3 μg/mL) < ethyl acetate fraction (59.4 μg/mL) < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction (58.8 μg/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) of some Cayratia japonica extracts in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activities were deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction (OSC₅₀, 3.30 μg/mL) < 50 % ethanol extract (1.21 μg/mL)< ethyl acetate fraction (0.34 μg/mL). Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Cayratia japonica on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Cayratia japonica extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner (1 ~ 25 μg/mL), particularly deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect (τ₅₀, 175.05 min at 25 μg/mL). Aglycone fractions obtained from the deglycosylation reaction of ethyl acetate fraction among the Cayratia japonica extracts, showed 2 bands in TLC and 2 peaks in HPLC experiments (360 nm). Two components were identified as luteolin (composition ratio, 47.50 %), apigenin (52.50). TLC chromatogram of ethyl acetate fraction of Cayratia japonica extract revealed 3 bands and HPLC chromatogram showed 4 peaks, which were identified as luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (composition ratio, 11.14 %), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (15.38 %), luteolin (23.55 %) and apigenin (49.92 %) in the order of elution time. The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction on elastase (IC₅₀, 70.5 μg/mL) was very high. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Cayratia japonica can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ¹O₂ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And component analysis of Cayratia japonica extract and antioxidative effects could be applicable to new cosmetics.

Key Words

Cayratia japonica, flavonoid, antioxidative activity, elastase, cosmetics

홍은숙 Eun Suk Hong , 안기웅 Gi Woong Ahn , 조병기 Byoung Kee Jo

DOI:

Abstract

In this study, the potential anti-aging properties of Prunella vulgaris extract were investigated. According to our results, Prunella vulgaris extract increased collagen synthesis (74.7 % at 250 μg/mL) and decreased on MMP-1 synthesis (90.2 % at 200 μg/mL) and elastase activity (43.7 % at 2.0 %). Furthermore, it also showed free radical scavenging activity (76.9 % at 2.0 %) and reduced H₂O₂-induced cytoxicity (49.9 % at 2.0 %). A double-blind clinical study to investigate the effect of Prunella vulgaris extract on the skin's surface was conducted with 22 healthy volunteers, aged 34 to 48 years. The volunteers applied a cream formula with 4.0 % of Prunella vulgaris extract, or placebo cream, on each crow’s feet twice a day for 12 weeks. Skin wrinkles were evaluated with the naked eye and instrumental image analysis of silicone replicas, followed by statistical analysis. Twelve weeks after application of cream formula with 4.0 % of Prunella vulgaris extract, we found significant improvement of facial wrinkle. Moreover, silicone replica analysis confirmed notable improvement in average of R2 and R3 at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that Prunella vulgaris provides a remarkable and significant tensor and anti-wrinkle effect on the skin, which could be of great use in anti-aging skin care products.

Key Words

Prunella vulgaris, anti-aging, collagen, MMP-1, antioxidative activity

박창민 Chang-min Park , 정민석 Min-seok Joung , 최종완 Jong-wan Choi , 백기엽 Kee-yoeup Paek

DOI:

Abstract

Echinacea purpurea, an indian traditional plant medicine has been widely used as herbal remedy for the treatment of disease such as colds or other infections. However, Echinacea purpurea extracts recently have been applied as a cosmetic ingredient for skin care. We artificially cultured Echinacea purpurea by using the bioreactor culture system for this study. We induced callus from Echinacea purpurea and separated adventitious roots, harvested and extracted after cultured in bioreactors. Previously, several studies have been reported on anti-oxidant and immuno-enhancing effects of Echinacea purpurea extract but other efficacies were not well known. In this study, we investigated the whitening, anti-wrinkle and anti-oxidant effects to know applicable value of tissue-cultured Echinacea purpurea adventitious roots extract (TCEPARE) as a cosmetic ingredient. TCEPARE did not show cytotoxicity until a concentration of 2 % and showed the anti-oxidative effect in DPPH and NBT tests. Also, the extract decreased tyrosinase expression in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. TCEPARE reduced protein levels of MMP-1, 2 secreted in culture medium or in cell lysates. From these results we suggest that TCEPARE has potential benefits applicable as to cosmetic ingredient for skin care products.

Key Words

Echinacea purpurea, whitening, anti-wrinkle, matrix metalloproteinase, B16 melanoma cell

하병조 Byung Jo Ha , 김준광 Jun Kwang Kim

DOI:

Abstract

Variations of the seventeen amino acids (aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystein, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, arginine) were analyzed in human hair sample by amino acid auto analyzer (AAA). The effect of bleaching and permanent wave manipulation on the amino acid composition of hair were investigated. Hair samples were collected from 10 males in their thirties. Hair samples were treated with 10 mL of 6 N hydrochloric acid at 110 ℃ for 24 h and analysed by AAA. The results showed that the amino acid content of normal hair (73.9 %) decreased to 71.5 % and 69.3 % after bleaching and permanent wave treatment, respectively. Furthermore, mean contents of lysine and tyrosine in amino acids showed obviously decreased about 25 % by permanent wave and bleaching treatment. On the other hand, serine, cystein, leucine and histidine were not changed.

Key Words

amino acid, permanent wave hair, bleached hair, AAA, peptide

임경란 Kyung Ran Im , 김미진 Mi Jin Kim , 정택규 Taek Kyu Jung , 윤경섭 Kyung-sup Yoon

DOI:

Abstract

To develop a new natural whitening agent for cosmetics, we investigated effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman on melanogenesis. We prepared phenolic acid-rich extract including two phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, as predominant constituents from Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman. Phenolic acid-rich extract showed ROS scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the IC₅₀ values of 3.43 ± 0.35 μg/mL and 158.91 ± 1.57 μg/mL, respectively. Phenolic acid-rich fraction reduced melanin contents of B16 melanoma cells dose-dependantly and the decrease was 27.27 ± 2.66 % at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. And the phenolic acid-rich fraction reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 53.67 ± 8.55 % at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Phenolic acid-rich extract inhibited tyrosinase and TRP-2 expression at protein level. These results suggest that phenolic acid-rich fraction reduced melanin formation by the inhibitions of tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that phenolic acid-rich extract could be used as a whitening ingredient in cosmetics.

Key Words

whitening, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman, melanogenesis, tyrosinase, TRP-2