나영 Na Young , 김진화 Jin Hwa Kim , 심관섭 Gwan Sub Sim , 이범천 Bum Chun Lee , 표형배 Hyeong Bae Pyo

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Abstract

In this study, we examined the effects of antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition and suppression of UVA-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Ligularia fischeri extract showed free radical scavenging effect by 82.3% at 5 mg/mL and superoxide radical scavenging effect by 79.3% at 5 mg/mL in the kanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. At the concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$, L. fischeri extract showed 97% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid. UVA induced MMP expression in human dermal fibroblasts was reduced 35% by treatment with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of L. fischeri extract. These results suggest that L. fischeri extract can be used for an anti-aging agent by antioxidation, lipid peroxidation inhibition and reducing UVA-induced MMP-1 production.

Key Words

Ligularia fischeri, antioxidation, MMP-1, human dermal fibroblast, anti-aging

박덕훈 Deok Hoon Park , 이종성 Jong Sung Lee , 정은선 Eun Sun Jung , 현창구 Chang Gu Hyun , 이지영 Ji Young Lee , 허성란 Sungran Hur , 고재숙 Jae Sook Koh , 이희경 Hee Kyung Lee , 백지훈 Ji Hwoon Baek , 유병삼 Byung Sam Yoo , 문지영 Jiyoung Moon , 김주호 Ju Ho Kim

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Abstract

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a critical transcription factor for maximal expression of many of the cytokines that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we found that 12 plant extracts among 200 plants, namely, Forsythia koreana, Capsicum annuum L, Mentha arvenis, Duchesnea chrysantha, Morus alba, Saururus Chinenis (Lour) Baill, Pine needle, Zingiber mioga (Thunb.), Roscoe, Houttuynia, Prunus yedoenis, Sasa quelpaertenis, significantly inhibited LPS- induced NF-kappaB activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, 12 plant extracts were found to have antioxidant activities in DPPH assay Therefore, we have attempted to determine whether 12 herbal extracts could inhibit the expression of cytokines possessing NF-kappaB promoter in their promoter regions. Consistently 12 herbal extracts inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF alpha and interleukin-8 (IL-8). These results show that 12 herbal extracts suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, we suggest that 12 herbal extracts can be used as a anti-inflammatory and soothing agent.

Key Words

NF-kappaB, interleukin-8, TNF alpha，DPPH, cosmetics

이영아 Young A Lee , 김주섭 Ju Seub Kim

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Abstract

This study is intended to analyze the impact of PMMA on color changes comparatively by making 2 types of cheek color items with red-color pigments: one containing PMMA, which is one of the recently developed circular polymers and used when producing color make-up items that have aero powder as the chief ingredient, and the other without it. To accomplish the purpose, we have reviewed literature on raw materials that have aero powder as the chief ingredient. Also, after making compounds of PMMA and pigments lot aero powder, such as Talc, Mica, OMC Talc As, Mica As, we examined them compared to those without PMMA using spectrophotometer, a questionnaire survey, and Digital camera. Besides, the particles were analyzed using SEM. As a result of the analysis, cosmetics containing PMMA represent more vivid and rich colors, putting on one's face softly. Since the entire specific surface area of PMMA is large enough to absorb oil evenly, it yields vivid and rich colors. But, Mica, one of natural pigments, shows a result as opposed to that of Mica As, one of silicon-compounded pigments, suggesting that pearl effect may possibly causes defused reflection. Based on these findings, it is expected that cosmetics will have more vivid colors, or improved color presentation, as well as the softer sense of touch when a circular polymer of PMMa is added to the manufacturing process of color make-up items.

Key Words

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), color, cosmetics, color make-up

다이아나탕 Diana Tang , 잭구스 Jack Guth

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Abstract

Natural safflower oleosomes are small ($1{\sim}3{\mu}m$) spherical shaped "reservoir", inside which the seed stores triglycerides for use as a future energy source. The surface of the oleosome is covered with a high molecular weight ($20{\sim}24$ KDa) oleosin protein which has been demonstrated to have emulsification properties. Traditionally, oleosomes from oil bearing seeds such as safflower were simply crushed to liberate the oil within. Our patented DermaSphere technology allows for the isolation of oleosomes in the intact state. Once isolated, these materials can be used in skin care formulations to deliver the emolliency, occlusivity, and anti-oxidant effects typically associated with safflower oil. However, because of the presence of the emulsifying oleosin protein covering the spherical oil body, oleosomes have self-emulsification property as well as can emulsify other oil phase in typical oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. The oleosomes can literally serve as the entire non-active portion of the oil phase of a typical skin care product. Most importantly, natural oleosomes can be loaded with other oil-soluble active materials and can therefore be used as delivery systems for improved cosmetic efficacies. Oleosomes can be loaded with various actives, such as fragrances, vitamins, inset repellents, and UV chromophores. The loaded oleosomes can be utilized to either protect the active ingredients within the formulation itself or to allow for control release of those actives over time.

Key Words

safflower seeds, oleosome, moisturizing, loading capability, cold Processing

이범천 Bum Chun Lee , 심관섭 Gwan Sub Sim , 김진화 Jin Hwa Kim , 김기호 Ki Ho Kim , 이화정 Hwa Jeong Lee , 표형배 Hyeong Bae Pyo

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Abstract

We synthesized 2',4'-dimethoxyflavone and investigated the effects on melanogenesis. To determine the effects as a whitening agent, various in uitro tests were performed such as free radical scavenging activity, melanin assay, tyrosinase activity and expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 (western blot and RT-PCR) in Bl6 melanoma cells. 2',4'-Dimethoxyflavone showed neither free radical scavenging activities against 1,1- diphenyl -2-picrylhydrazvl (DPPH) radical and inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity, 2',4'-dimethoxyflavone significantly inhibited melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. 2',4'-Dimethoxyflavone treatment (48h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% at 5μg/mL and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 20% at $5{\mu}g/mL$ in B16 melanoma cells. 2',4'-Dimethoxyflavone was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression in protein and mRNA level. These results suggest that 2',4'-dimethoxyflavone inhibits melanin biosynthesis at the level of enzyme activity and protein mRNA expression B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, 2',4'-dimethoxyflavone may be useful as a new whitening agent in cosmetics.

Key Words

2',4'-dimethoxyflavone, synthesis, melanogenesis, tyrosinase, TRP-1,2

문지영 Jiyoung Moon , 김주호 Juho Kim , 현진원 Jinwon Hyun , 강경아 Kyoungah Kang , 고재숙 Jeasook Koh , 서영경 Youngkyoung Seo , 백지훈 Jihwoon Baek , 박덕훈 Deokhoon Park , 이종성 Jongsung Lee , 정은선 Eunsun Jung , 유병삼 Byoung-sam Yoo

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Abstract

In this study, we investigated the whitening and anti-oxidant activity of 37 Jeju island native plants. The active ingredients of the plants were prepared by methanol extraction. Whitening activity of plant extracts was examined from the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase and the inhibition of melanin synthesis of the B16-F1 cell line. Their anti-oxidant activity was measured by electron donating ability of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging activity in V79-4 lung fibroblast cells using DCF-DA (dichlorofluorescin diacetate). Cytotoxicity of the extracts on cell s based experiments was investigated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Also, the toxicity test using a rabbit and the human skin patch test were carried out for examining the safety of the extracts which showed the high whitening activity. It is interesting that the extracts of Lespedeza cuneata, Ligustrum lucidum (stem), Morus bombycis (stem) and Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina showed both potent whitening and anti-oxidant activities.

Key Words

tyrosinase, DPPH, DCF-DA, MTT, skin-patch test

이화정 Hwa Jeong Lee , 손동주 Dong Ju Son , 강명화 Myung Hwa Kang , 이범천 Bum Chun Lee , 홍진태 Jin Tae Hong

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Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), one of the oldest oilseed crops, has been known to posses antioxidative and inflammatory effects. This seed contains lignan compounds such as sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol, sesaminol diglucosides (SDG), and sesaminol triglucosides (STG). Sesamin, a major lignan in sesame, displayed several biological activities including a protective effects against oxidative damage in the skin. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol, SDG, and STG, on nitric oxide (NO) induction and inducible nitric oxide synthane (iNOS) and cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) expression in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that sesamol and sesaminol significantly inhibited NO generation but they were also cytotoxicity however, sesamin effectively inhibited NO production ($IC_{50}: 64{\mu}M$) without my cytotoxic effect in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In further study, it was founded that sesamin inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase but not COX-2 expression. These results suggest that sesamin may be useful for improvements of the inflammatory diseases.

Key Words

sesame, sesamin, nitric oxide, RAW 264, iNOS, COX-2, RAW 264.7

박수남 Jung Won Choi , 최정원 So I Kim , 김소이 So Mi Jeon , 전소미 Jill Young Kim , 김진영 Hee Jung Yang , 양희정 Keun Ha Lee , 이근하 Soo Nam Park

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Abstract

In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidative, anti-wrinkle and whitening effects of 36 plant extracts collected from self-growing plants in Jeju island. Their anti-oxidant activities were measured by free radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities on ROS generated in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay, and cell protecting activities using the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. In addition, the inhibitory activities of tyrosinase for whitening effect and elastase for anti-wrinkle were investigated. The results showed that the Rumex crispus (all grass) extract has the most significant free radical scavenging activity (FSC₅₀; 10 μg/mL), Plantago asiatica and Rumex crispus extracts for the prominent ROS scavenging activity (OSC₅₀; 0.006 μg/mL, 0.04 μg/mL respectively), Rumex crispus (τ₅₀; 1,140 min at 50 μg/mL), Machilus thunbergii leaf (216 min), and Celastrus orbiculatus (200 min) for cell protecting effects, Morus alba stem for the inhibitory activity on tyrosinse (94.8% at 200 μg/mL), Rumex crispus (81.8% at 200 μg/mL), Morus alba (74.6%), and Celastrus orbiculatus leaf/stem/flower (63.1%) for the activity on elastase. These results indicated that the extracts of Rumex crispus, Plantago asiatica, Machilus thunbergii leaf, Morus alba stem, Celastrus orbiculatus leaf/stem/flower could have the functional effects when they are added as ingredients in cosmetics. Thus, it is concluded that further experiments are needed to apply for cosmetic products.

Key Words

ROS Photohemolysis Jeju island native plants anti-oxidant tyrosinase elastase cosmetics

정택규 Taek Kyu Jung , 김미진 Mi Jin Kim , 임경란 Kyung Ran Urn , 윤경섭 Kyung-sup Yoon

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Abstract

We investigated the effect of moisturizing and anti-oxidation of Astragalus membranaceus (Astragali Radix) root extract with respective to growing districts and extract methods for the purpose of development of cosmetic ingredients. Astragalii Radix was collected in Jecheon, Jeongseon, Taebaek, and Yeongju in Korea and China as growing districts. Formononetin was determinated by HPLC method as one of the various active agents in Astragalus membranaceus root extract. The 75% ethanol extract demonstrated to be more effective than H₂O-extracted one for a scavenging activities to DPPH radicals and reactive oxygens. The 75% ethanol extract showed IC₅₀ (50% scavenging concentration) of 2.162 mg/mL and 2.981 mg/mL in case of free radical scavenging activity test and reactive oxygen scavenging activity test, respectively Especially, free radical scavenging activity of isoflavonoids isolated from ethylacetate fraction was similar to scavenging activity of genistein. Astragalus membranaceus root extract of Jecheon district by sonicating extraction method was more effective in skin hydration compared with others.

Key Words

Astragalus membranaceus, formononetin, moisturizing, anti-oxidation, free radical scavenging activity, reactive oxygen scavenging activity

김현주 Hyun Ju Kim , 임혜원 Hye Won Lim , 최신욱 Shin Wook Choi , 윤창순 Chang-soon Yoon

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Abstract

Propionibacterium acnes have been recognized as pus-forming bacteria triggering an inflammation in acne. The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial activities of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai against these etiologic agents of acne vulgaris and application possibility as a cosmetic resource. D. crassirhizoma crude extract and hexane fraction was prepared and its anti-acne effect against Propionibacterium acnes was investigated with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The MIC of D. crassirhizoma crude extract and hexane fraction was 0.008 mg/mL and 0.001 mg/mL, respectively. This implies that D. crassirhizoma extract may be an efficient anti-acne ingredient for cosmetics, as a crude extract. The paper disk diffusion assay showed that its anti-acne effect was similar to that of triclosan. The cytotoxic effect of D. crassirhizoma extract was determined by a colorimetric MTT assay using HaCaT cell line and D. crassirhizoma extract exhibited lower cytotoxic effects. Finally, we examine the stability of D. crassirhizoma extract to temperature and pH. The D. crassirhizoma extract was very stable to high temperatures (25~121℃) and to wide pH range (pH 2~11), suggesting its utilization for cosmetics.

Key Words

Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai antibacterial MIC Propionibacterium acnes cosmetics