송미 Mee Song , 백지훈 Ji Hwoon Baek

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Abstract

Environmental pollution is defined as contamination of the earth’s environment with materials which interfere with human health, quality of life, or the natural functioning of the ecosystem. Whenever a prolonged and repetitive exposure to environmental stressors exceeds the skin’s normal defensive potential, there is a disturbance in the skin barrier function leading to the development of various skin diseases. Major air pollutants which affect the skin are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, cigarette smoke, heavy metals and arsenic. Dermal uptake depends on the deposition of air pollutants on the skin surface, the composition of epidermal lipids, and the diffusion through the epidermis to the blood vessels.

Key Words

skin, air pollutant, adherence, absorption

김예진 Ye Jin Kim , 남개원 Gae Won Nam

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Abstract

Sunscreen is a product that blocks and scatters UV rays to protect them from UV rays. Domestic consumers generously invest in sunscreen, ranking first in the world in terms of sun care consumption per capita in 2019. Sunscreens are subject to a variety of factors, including regulations, ingredients, formulations, clinical trials, and product labeling, but are tightly controlled as product demand increases. In this study, various factors affecting the UV protection factor were investigated and analyzed. Preemptive measures such as continuous investigation are required so that various factors such as these do not become obstacles for domestic cosmetics companies to export, and to revitalize the export market with international competitiveness.

Key Words

UV protection factor, sunscreen, regulation, labelling, clinical

이진우 Jin Woo Lee , 정유정 Yujung Jung , 봉심규 Sim-Kyu Bong , 박노준 No-june Park , 이상헌 Sang Heon Lee , 노민수 Minsoo Noh , 임경민 Kyung-min Lim , 김수남 Su-nam Kim

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Abstract

The skin fibroblasts of different origins showed different expression levels of MMP-1 in response to TNF-α treatment or UV irradiation. We hypothesized that this is caused by polymorphism in the MMP-1 promoter region. To elucidate it, first of all, we analyzed and classified the genotype of the -1607 site of the MMP-1 promoter in 23 commercially available primary fibroblasts, and then we examined the expression of MMP-1 by TNF-α or UVB stimulation for each classified genotype. As a result of the analysis, fibroblasts with 6 1G/1G genotypes, 10 1G/2G genotypes, and 7 2G/2G genotypes were identified. Hs68 and Detroit 551 cell lines were confirmed to have 1G/2G genotypes. In the 1G/1G genotype, MMP-1 was expressed twice as high as that of the control group by TNF-α treatment, and was hardly expressed by UV light. In the case of the 1G/2G genotype, MMP-1 was expressed 2.45 fold higher by TNF-α treatment, and 1.4 fold by UV light than the control. In the case of the 2G/2G genotype, MMP-1 was expressed 1.35 fold by TNF-α treatment, and was highly expressed by 2.5 fold by ultraviolet rays compared to control. It can be estimated that MMP-1 expression is better induced in the 1G genotype by TNF-α and in the 2G genotype by UV light. In addition, it can be presumed that MMP-1 expression is increased by creating a site where the Ets transcription factor can bind by another G inserted at the -1607 position. These studies have not been conducted at all in fibroblasts in relation to skin aging, so it is an area that needs to be further studied in the future. In conclusion, since the skin is an organ that is affected by both intrinsic aging and photoaging at the same time, when analyzing the expression of MMP-1 as a target for improving skin aging, it is necessary to select cells with a genotype suitable for the experimental conditions of the study.

Key Words

MMP-1 promoter, -1607 1G/2G polymorphism, fibroblast, TNF-α, UVB

강은빈 Eun-bin Kang , 현진아 Jin-a Hyun , 권현지 Hyun-ji Kwon , 범석현 Seok-hyun Beom , 한동근 Dong-geun Han , 박하은 Ha-eun Park , 김현정 Hyun-jeong Kim , 곽기성 Ki-sung Kwak , 안봉전 Bong-jeon An

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Abstract

In this study, Kombucha, a fermented drink by adding beneficial bacteria to green tea or black tea with sugar, was classified using column chromatography, and the presence or absence of quercetin glycoside, a type of flavonoids, was confirmed through TLC. In addition, the anti-pollution effect of protecting and improving the skin from pollution was confirmed using the fraction. Keratinocytes were treated with K-QG to confirm the cell viability, showing a survival rate of 90% or more up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and the cell viability by benzo[e]pyrene and fine dust stimulation to see the anti-pollution effect was measured. At 100 μg/mL, the improvement rates were about 68.79% and 50.68%, respectively. In addition, as a result of confirming the expression of AhR activated by benzo[a]pyrene through Western blot, it showed an inhibition rate of about 31.08% at 100 μg/mL compared to the control group. Through the results of this study, K-QG is thought to be valuable as an anti-pollution functional material, protecting and improving skin irritated from benzopyrene and fine dust.

Key Words

Kombucha, quercetin glycoside, anti-pollution, benzo, a, pyrene, AhR

이홍구 Hong Gu Lee , 김길남 Gil Nam Kim , 박동준 Dong Jun Park , 이소영 So Young Lee , 진무현 Mu Hyun Jin

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Abstract

Gastrodia elata has a very low pollination rate in natural state, and even in artificial cultivation, there are very few individuals that bloom due to the degeneration, so little studies have been conducted. This study confirmed that the potential as a cosmetic ingredient by evaluating the antioxidant activity through the evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production, and the moisturizing activity through the effect on promoting hyaluronic acid production by artificially flowering G. elata flower. It was also confirmed that the appearance rate and flowering rate of G. elata harvested in spring were high, and the content of gastrodin was 0.36%. The IC50 value of G. elata flower extract was 0.045% and it was confirmed that G. elata flower extract had higher radical scavenging activity than G. elata root extract. The NO production inhibitory activity against the flower extract showed a significant inhibitory effect from 1% to 83.2%. Hyaluronic acid production promotion efficacy was not confirmed in the G. elata root extract, but the production rate increased with concentration dependence in the flower extract, and it was the highest at 46.9% when 0.02% treatment was performed. Based on the above research results, it is judged that G. elata flower extract has high potential for use as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin moisturizing cosmetic ingredient.

Key Words

gastrodia elata flower, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hyaluronic acid, gastrodin

이정환 Jung-Hwan Lee , 이건섭 Gun-sub Lee , 조동현 Dong-hyeon Jo , 홍다희 Da-hee Hong , 유재훈 Jae-hoon Yu , 곽지유 Ji-yoo Gwack , 이희철 Hee-chul Lee

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Abstract

In this study, we have prepared pure planar-type ZnO and calamine powder containing both ZnO and Fe₂O₃ components as a raw material for cosmetics with UV and blue band blocking functions. The planar-type ZnO ceramic powder having a high aspect ratio in the range of 20:1 to 50:1 was synthesized by precipitation method in a zinc acetate and sodium citrate mixed solution with the electrolyte obtained by power generation with a zinc-air battery. The content of Fe₂O₃ in the artificial calamine ceramic powder could be increased by increasing the amount of iron chloride solution added, and in this case, some of the blue region of visible light and ultraviolet light were remarkably absorbed. When potassium acetate was added, the decomposition of the Zn(OH)₄^2- anion in the solution was promoted to facilitate the growth of ZnO crystal in the form of a barrier wall in the vertical direction on the (0001) plane, which could increase UV absorption by providing more opportunities. By controlling the amount of iron chloride solution and potassium acetate solution added, the composition and shape of the thin film plate-shaped artificial calamine ceramic powder can be optimized, and when applied to cosmetic formulations, the light transmittance of the blue region can be greatly reduced.

Key Words

artificial calamine powder, UV protection, blue band, planar-type ZnO, cosmetic formulation

강해란 Hae-ran Kang , 정소영 So Young Jung , 허효진 Hyojin Heo , 차병선 Byungsun Cha , Sofia Brito , 이소민 So Min Lee , 여혜림 Hye Lim Yeo , 유경완 Kyung Wan Yoo , 곽준수 Jun Soo Kwak , 곽병문 Byeong-mun Kwak , 이미기 Mi-gi Lee , 빈범호 Bum-ho Bin

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Abstract

Particulate matter and ultra-particle matters generally refer to very small floating dust, such as 1/6 to 1/7 and 1/20 to 1/30, respectively, compared to the thickness of human hair, and contain various types of heavy metal ions. In addition to breathing, particle matters (PM) that flows in through the gaps in the pores of the skin can induce health problems in the body's tissues and skin, so it must be removed by blocking the inflow or by washing. Through this study, we confirmed the possibility that heavy metal ions can be adsorbed and removed by using Oryza sativa (Rice) bran oil (OSBO). In addition, the cell viability is much higher than that of grain-derived components through cytotoxicity experiments, and the cytoprotective effect of an external stimulus source can be expected. It was confirmed that the expression amount of COL1A1 mRNA increased, and accordingly, it was believed that wrinkles that might be caused by moisture lost by heavy metal ions in fine dust could be alleviated. Based on the results of these experiments, we tried to present a cosmetics containing OSBO, which is a wash-off formulation, in order to finally remove heavy metals.

Key Words

Oryza sativa (Rice) bran oil, particulate matter, adsorbation of heavy metal ions, anti-pollution cosmetic material, natural material

유지영 Jiyoung You , 노경백 Kyung-baeg Roh , 오세영 Se-young Oh , 정용택 Yong-taek Jung , 박덕훈 Deokhoon Park , 정은선 Eunsun Jung

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Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease related to pilosebaceous unit. In acne lesions, hyperseborrhea, dysseborrhea, inflammatory event, and an imbalance in skin microflora, particularly an increase in Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) colonization comparing to other bacteria, have been observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate anti-acne effects of Artemisia annua extract (AAE) on antibacterial activity related to preservation of the balance in skin microbiome, inhibition of inflammation, and reduction of excessive sebum production. When C. acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) were co-cultured in the presence of AAE, the reduction of C. acnes growth by AAE was greater than that of S. epidermidis. In addition, when C. acnes was cultured in a medium containing AAE (C. acnes AAE), levels of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 and toll-like receptors-2 activity were decreased in comparison with C. acnes cultured in a medium without AAE (C. acnes CM). Moreover, AAE significantly inhibited excessive sebum production induced by palmitic acid. These results suggest that AAE, as a natural extract with various targets, can inhibit selective growth of C. acnes and inflammatory reactions derived from C. acnes, which are the main causes of acne, and consequently can be used as a substance to alleviate acne by reducing excessive sebum formation.

Key Words

Artemisia annua, acne vulgaris, microbiome, THP-1, sebocytes

이용희 Yonghee Lee , 신승현 Seung Hyun Shin , 김세현 Sehyun Kim , 정규상 Gyusang Jeong , 홍민정 Min Jung Hong , 박혁곤 Hyeokgon Park , 김승훈 Seung Hun Kim , 김은주 Eun Joo Kim , 강영규 Young-gyu Kang , 박병철 Byung Cheol Park , 박원석 Won Seok Park , 김수나 Su Na Kim , 김형준 Hyoung-june Kim

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Abstract

Soybean extract is known to play an important role in preventing and treating diseases associated with aging, cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. A recent has revealed that soybean extract has a potent effect on hair growth in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Recently, it has been reported that their fermented extracts exhibit numerous and high efficacy, as compared to general extracts. However, the underlying mechanisms that induce hair growth after using fermented soybean extract are not well understood. The present study aimed to determine the effects of fermented Jeju soybean (FJS) extract on hair growth, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms similar to those of minoxidil. We conducted in vitro and ex vivo investigations and clinical studies. FJS extract enhanced dermal papilla cell proliferation, VEGF levels, and potassium channel opening. Moreover, it promoted human hair follicle elongation. These effects were comprehensively demonstrated in the clinical results, in which FJS extract-containing shampoo improved hair density after 24 weeks of utilization. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that FJS extract promotes hair growth and inhibits hair loss through a mechanism similar to that of minoxidil in hair follicles.

Key Words

fermented Jeju soybean extract, hair growth, human dermal papilla cells, hair follicle, minoxidil

정소영 So Young Jung , 강해란 Hae-ran Kang , 유한준 Han Jun Yoo , 최형 Hyeong Choi , 허효진 Hyojin Heo , 차병선 Byungsun Cha , Sofia Brito , 이소민 So Min Lee , 여혜림 Hye Lim Yeo , 강서정 Seo Jeong Kang , 이대엽 Dae Yeop Lee , 곽병문 Byeong-mun Kwak , 이미기 Mi-gi Lee , 빈범호 Bum-ho Bin

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Abstract

Nanoparticles are substances that are smaller in size and smaller than cells that make up the skin. Therefore, they are very suitable as mediators for transmitting drugs or genes across cell membranes, and also deliver specific ingredients into the skin. In this study, nanoparticles were extracted from mugwort and particles of around 100 nm were obtained through dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the results of concentration-dependent enhancement of cell viability in fibroblasts were obtained through MTT assay. In addition, it was confirmed that the COL1A1 mRNA expression level was increased and the IL-6 mRNA expression level was decreased through the quantitative real-time PCR analysis method. Moreover, as these nanoparticles were confirmed to be stable, they can be applied not only to cell experiments but also to cosmetic formulations. While the demand for plant-derived ingredients continues to increase, excluding chemical ingredients from the recent cosmetics industry trend, there is a limitation in that there are few research results suggesting the application field of plant-derived nanoparticles. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations of the cosmetic industry at the present time, the results obtained in this study present nanoparticles derived from Artemisia princeps (NDAP) as a highly functional cosmetic material.

Key Words

nanoparticles derived from Artemisia princeps (NDAP), cosmetic material, anti-aging, nanoparticle, natural ingredients